桓

桓	U+6853, 桓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6853

← 桒
[U+6852]

CJK Unified Ideographs

桔 →
[U+6854]

Translingual

Han character

桓 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木一日一 (DMAM), four-corner 4191₆, composition ⿰木亘)

Derived characters

𦶙, 𭗁, 𨕹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14774
Dae Jaweon: page 915, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1195, character 6
Unihan data for U+6853

Chinese

simp. and trad.		桓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桓
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
烜	qʰrolʔ, qʰonʔ
貆	qʰoːn, ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	ɡoːn, ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	ɡoːn, kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	ɡʷaːn, ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	sqʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷaːn): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘 (xuān)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huán (huan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang² / huong²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoân

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / huêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huán
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huán
  - Wade–Giles: huan²
  - Yale: hwán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
  - Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wun⁴
  - Yale: wùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huang²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: huáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
  - Tâi-lô: huân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁵ / huêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

huang5 - Shantou;
huêng5 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: hwan

Rime
Character	桓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡官切
Baxter	hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwan/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤar/, /*ɦʷˤar/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	桓	桓
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huán	huán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwan ›	‹ hwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/	/ɦʷˁar/ (< [ɢ]ʷˁar)
English	pillar; martial-looking	烏桓 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	桓
Reading #	1/1
No.	14004
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

桓

Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi)
(obsolete) pillar used as a signpost
mighty; martial; large
used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán)
a surname

Compounds

三桓
桓文
桓桓
桓殷危語
桓表
槃桓 (pánhuán)
漢桓帝 / 汉桓帝
烏桓 / 乌桓 (Wūhuán)
盤桓 / 盘桓 (pánhuán)
盤桓髻 / 盘桓髻
磐桓 (pánhuán)
般桓
釋提桓因 / 释提桓因 (Shìtíhuányīn)
齊桓公 / 齐桓公

References

“桓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “桓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Kanji

桓

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: がん (gan)
Kan-on: かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

桓: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

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