棟

See also: 栋 and 楝

棟	U+68DF, 棟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68DF

← 棞
[U+68DE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棠 →
[U+68E0]

Translingual

Han character

棟 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木田 (DDW), four-corner 4599₆, composition ⿰木東)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 533, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14949
Dae Jaweon: page 921, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1227, character 5
Unihan data for U+68DF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
東	*toːŋ
菄	*toːŋ
鶇	*toːŋ
倲	*toːŋ
涷	toːŋ, toːŋs
蝀	toːŋ, toːŋʔ
凍	toːŋ, toːŋs
鯟	*toːŋ
崠	*toːŋ
埬	*toːŋ
棟	*toːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toːŋs): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		棟
simp.		栋

See the possibly-related Burmese တုံး (tum:, “log”) for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung³ / dung⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tòng / tàng / tiòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
  - Wade–Giles: tung⁴
  - Yale: dùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
  - Palladius: дун (dun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dung³ / dung⁶
  - Yale: dung / duhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung³ / dung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung³ / dung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³³/, /tʊŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòng
  - Tâi-lô: tòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàng
  - Tâi-lô: tàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daxng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /taŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dioxng
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²¹/

Note:

tòng - literary;
tàng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dong³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tuwngH

Rime
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多貢切
Baxter	tuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tuŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tuŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棟
Reading #	1/1
No.	2448
Phonetic component	東
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	涷
Old Chinese	/*toːŋs/

Definitions

棟

main beam supporting a house; ridgepole
(literary) house; building
Classifier for buildings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
(figurative) important person; pillars of the state
- 子於鄭國，棟也。棟折榱崩，僑將厭焉，敢不盡言？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  子于郑国，栋也。栋折榱崩，侨将厌焉，敢不尽言？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yú Zhèng guó, dòng yě. Dòng zhé cuī bēng, qiáo jiāng yàn yān, gǎn bù jìnyán? [Pinyin]
  You are the main support of the State of Zheng. If the main support be broken, the rafters will tumble down. I shall be crushed beneath them, and I must therefore speak out all my mind.
(Sichuanese) mountain ridge; mountain peak
a surname, Dong

Synonyms

(house):

edit

住宅 (zhùzhái)
住屋 (zhùwū)
住房 (zhùfáng)
住所 (zhùsuǒ)
住處 / 住处 (zhùchù)
宅第 (⁸zaq-di) (Wu)
宅舍 (zháishè) (literary)
宮 / 宫 (gōng) (archaic)
家室 (jiāshì)
宮室 / 宫室 (gōngshì) (archaic)
家居 (jiājū)
家屋 (jiāwū) (literary)
寓 (yù) (literary, or in compounds)
寓所 (yùsuǒ) (formal)
居室 (jūshì)
居所 (jūsuǒ)
屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
屋宇 (wūyǔ) (literary)
屋舍 (wūshè) (literary or Hakka)
房子 (fángzi)
房宇 (fángyǔ) (literary)
房屋 (fángwū)
房舍 (fángshè) (literary)

Compounds

上棟下宇 / 上栋下宇
中棟 / 中栋
乾棟 / 干栋
充棟 / 充栋
充棟汗牛 / 充栋汗牛
充棟盈車 / 充栋盈车
在棟 / 在栋
孤棟 / 孤栋
宰棟 / 宰栋
層棟 / 层栋
懸棟 / 悬栋
文棟 / 文栋
時棟 / 时栋
松棟 / 松栋
松棟雲牖 / 松栋云牖
柱棟 / 柱栋
桂棟 / 桂栋
桴棟 / 桴栋
棟宇 / 栋宇
棟幹 / 栋干
棟折 / 栋折
棟折榱壞 / 栋折榱坏
棟折榱崩 / 栋折榱崩
棟撓 / 栋挠
棟星 / 栋星
棟朽榱崩 / 栋朽榱崩
棟材 / 栋材
棟桴 / 栋桴
棟楹 / 栋楹
棟榱 / 栋榱
棟樑 / 栋梁 (dòngliáng)
棟樑之材 / 栋梁之材
棟樑材 / 栋梁材
棟橈 / 栋桡
棟甍 / 栋甍
棟篤笑 / 栋笃笑
棟鄂 / 栋鄂
棟鄂部 / 栋鄂部
棟隆 / 栋隆
椽棟 / 椽栋
楣棟 / 楣栋
楹棟 / 楹栋
榱崩棟折 / 榱崩栋折
榱棟 / 榱栋
樑棟 / 梁栋
樹榾棟 / 树榾栋
汗牛充棟 / 汗牛充栋 (hànniúchōngdòng)
汗牛塞棟 / 汗牛塞栋
甍棟 / 甍栋
生棟 / 生栋
畫棟 / 画栋
畫棟雕樑 / 画栋雕梁
畫棟飛甍 / 画栋飞甍
畫樑雕棟 / 画梁雕栋
積棟 / 积栋
積簡充棟 / 积简充栋
茅棟 / 茅栋
複棟 / 复栋
起棟 / 起栋
連棟 / 连栋
連牆接棟 / 连墙接栋
連甍接棟 / 连甍接栋
邦棟 / 邦栋
金鰲玉棟 / 金鳌玉栋
隆棟 / 隆栋
雕樑畫棟 / 雕梁画栋
雨棟風簾 / 雨栋风帘
雨簾雲棟 / 雨帘云栋
雲棟 / 云栋
飛棟 / 飞栋
高棟 / 高栋

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棟 – see 戙 (“Cantonese: to make erect”). (This character is a variant form of 戙).

References

蓝勇. 第十三章：历史时期西南综合文化区的划分. 《西南历史文化地理》. 西南师范大学出版社. 1997. →ISBN.

Japanese

Kanji

棟

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: つ (tsu)、つう (tsū)
Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
Kun: むね (mune, 棟, Jōyō)、むな (muna, 棟, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
棟
むね Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) むね [múꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])
(Tokyo) むね [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ne̞]

Counter

棟(むね) • (-mune)

buildings

Noun

棟(むね) • (mune)

(architecture) ridge of a roof

Derived terms

棟木(むなぎ) (munagi)
棟上(むねあ)げ (muneage)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
棟
とう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

棟(とう) • (tō)

large building

Suffix

棟(とう) • (-tō)

building

Derived terms

棟梁(とうりょう) (tōryō)
病棟(びょうとう) (byōtō)

Korean

Hanja

棟 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

棟 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of đông.

References

Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

棟: Hán Nôm readings: đống

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.