樓頂

Chinese

	house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor	go against; most; peak go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with "hat")
trad. (樓頂)	樓	頂
simp. (楼顶)	楼	顶
anagram	頂樓／顶楼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lóudǐng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄡˊ ㄉㄧㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ deng²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lèu-táng
Eastern Min (BUC): làu-dīng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lao² deng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lâu-téng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lao⁵ dêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lóudǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄡˊ ㄉㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lóudǐng
  - Wade–Giles: lou²-ting³
  - Yale: lóu-dǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loudiing
  - Palladius: лоудин (loudin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /loʊ̯³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ deng²
  - Yale: làuh déng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ deng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ déng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ tɛːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lèu-táng
  - Hakka Romanization System: leu^ˇ dang^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: leu² dang³
  - Sinological IPA: /leu̯¹¹ taŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: làu-dīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃au⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)liŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lao² deng³ [Phonetic: lao⁵ leng³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: láu-dêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau¹³⁻¹¹ ^(t-)lɛŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lao² deng³ [Phonetic: lao⁵ leng³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau²⁴⁻²¹ ^(t-)lɛŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu-téng
  - Tâi-lô: lâu-tíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lau'deang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Tong'an): /lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lao⁵ dêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâu téng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ teŋ⁵²/

Noun

樓頂

rooftop of a (tall) building
(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) upstairs
- 蔡俊明 [Choy Chun-ming], editor (1991), “抑 ak˨”, in 潮州方言詞滙 / 潮州方言词滙 (Cháozhōu fāngyán cíhuì), 香港 [Hong Kong]: 香港中文大學 / 香港中文大学 [The Chinese University of Hong Kong]
  伊雙目青盲，同樓頂抑到樓下危險死。 [Teochew, trad.]
  伊双目青盲，同楼顶抑到楼下危险死。 [Teochew, simp.]
  i¹ sang¹ mag⁸ cên¹ mê⁵, dang⁵ lao⁵ dêng² ag⁴ gau³ lao⁵ ê⁶ ngui⁵ hiam² si². [Peng'im]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 樓上 (“upstairs”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		樓上
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	樓上
	Harbin	樓上
	Malaysia	樓上
	Singapore	樓上
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	樓上
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	樓上
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	樓下
	Xining	樓上
	Xuzhou	樓頂上, 樓上
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	樓上
	Lanzhou	樓上
	Ürümqi	樓上
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	樓上
	Wuhan	樓上
	Guiyang	樓上
	Liuzhou	樓上
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	樓上
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	樓上
Cantonese	Guangzhou	樓上
	Hong Kong	樓上
	Dongguan	樓上
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	樓上
	Singapore (Guangfu)	樓上
Gan	Nanchang	樓上
	Lichuan	樓上
	Pingxiang	樓上裡, 樓上
Hakka	Meixian	樓項, 棚項
	Yudu	樓腦
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	棚頂
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	棚頂
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	棚頂
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	棚頂
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	棚頂, 棚崠
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	棚崠
Huizhou	Jixi	閣上, 樓上
Jin	Taiyuan	樓上
Jin	Xinzhou	樓上頭, 樓上
Northern Min	Jian'ou	樓上
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	樓頂
Eastern Min	Singapore (Fuqing)	樓頂
Southern Min	Xiamen	樓頂
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	樓頂
	Quanzhou	樓頂
	Jinjiang	樓頂
	Yongchun	樓頂, 樓尾
	Zhangzhou	樓頂
	Zhao'an	樓頂
	Kaohsiung	樓頂
	Yilan	樓頂
	Changhua (Lukang)	樓頂
	Taichung	樓頂
	Taichung (Wuqi)	樓頂
	Tainan	樓頂
	Taitung	樓頂
	Hsinchu	樓頂
	Penghu (Magong)	樓頂
	Penang (Hokkien)	樓頂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	樓頂
	Manila (Hokkien)	樓頂, 板頂
	Chaozhou	樓頂
	Shantou	樓頂
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	樓頂
	Jieyang	樓頂
	Singapore (Teochew)	樓頂
	Haikou	樓上
	Singapore (Hainanese)	樓頂
Puxian Min	Putian	樓頂
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	樓頂
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	樓頂
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	樓頂
	Xianyou	樓頂
	Xianyou (Fengting)	樓頂
	Xianyou (Youyang)	樓頂
Central Min	Yong'an	樓尾
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	樓上
Wu	Shanghai	樓浪, 樓浪向
	Shanghai (Chongming)	樓浪
	Suzhou	樓浪
	Danyang	樓上, 樓裡
	Hangzhou	樓上, 樓高頭
	Ningbo	樓登
	Wenzhou	樓上
	Jinhua	樓上
Xiang	Changsha	樓上頭, 樓高頭
Xiang	Loudi	樓高裡

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “upstairs”): (Hokkien) 樓跤／楼跤 (lâu-kha); (Teochew) 樓下／楼下 (lao⁵ ê⁶)

Descendants

→ Malay: loteng
- > Indonesian: loteng (inherited)
- → Kimaragang: louting
- → Sabah Bisaya: loteng
- → Timugon Murut: lauting
→ Cebuano: lawting

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “600 楼上”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 349.