比較

See also: 比较

Chinese

		side by side; compare; to gesture side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio	clear; distinct; compare clear; distinct; compare; comparatively
trad. (比較)		比	較
simp. (比较)		比	较

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǐjiào, bǐjiǎo, bǐ'ào

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ, ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ, ㄅㄧˇ ㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei² gaau³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pí-káu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pí-kàu

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi² ga³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pi-ciau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǐjiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǐjiào
  - Wade–Giles: pi³-chiao⁴
  - Yale: bǐ-jyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biijiaw
  - Palladius: бицзяо (biczjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǐjiǎo [Phonetic: bíjiǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǐjiǎo
  - Wade–Giles: pi³-chiao³
  - Yale: bǐ-jyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biijeau
  - Palladius: бицзяо (biczjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ'ào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ-ào
  - Wade–Giles: pi³-ao⁴
  - Yale: bǐ-àu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biiaw
  - Palladius: биао (biao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei² gaau³
  - Yale: béi gaau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei² gaau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi² gao³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵ kaːu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pí-káu
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˋ gau^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi³ gau³
  - Sinological IPA: /pi³¹ kau̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-kàu
  - Tâi-lô: pí-kàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: py'kaux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kau¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kau²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi² ga³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pí kà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵²⁻³⁵ ka²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pi-ciau
  - MiniDict: pi^去 ciau
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi-jiau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/

Verb

比較

to compare; to contrast
並排比較／并排比较 ― bìngpái bǐjiào ― side-by-side comparison

Synonyms

edit

例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
對比 / 对比 (duìbǐ)
對照 / 对照 (duìzhào)
擬 / 拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
比並 / 比并 (bǐ-piāng) (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Min Nan)
比對 / 比对 (bǐduì)
比擬 / 比拟 (bǐnǐ)
比照 (bǐzhào)
視 / 视 (shì) (archaic)
進行比較 / 进行比较 (jìnxíng bǐjiào)

Related terms

評比／评比 (píngbǐ)
評判／评判 (píngpàn)

Adverb

比較

comparatively; relatively; fairly; quite
你可不可以推薦幾個比較好的學校？ [MSC, trad.]
你可不可以推荐几个比较好的学校？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ kě bù kěyǐ tuījiàn jǐge bǐjiào hǎo de xuéxiào? [Pinyin]
Could you recommend a few good schools?

總的來說，我這一代還算比較開通。 [MSC, trad.]
总的来说，我这一代还算比较开通。 [MSC, simp.]
Zǒngdeláishuō, wǒ zhè yīdài hái suàn bǐjiào kāitōng. [Pinyin]
Generally speaking, my generation can be considered quite open-minded.

Usage notes

While pí-kàu can be used as an adverb in Hokkien, the term 較 / 较 (khah / khà) tends to be used in more colloquial settings.

Synonyms

edit

相對 / 相对 (xiāngduì)
較為 / 较为

Derived terms

比較價格 / 比较价格 (bǐjiào jiàgé)
比較文學 / 比较文学 (bǐjiào wénxué)
比較法學 / 比较法学 (bǐjiào fǎxué)
比較等級 / 比较等级 (bǐjiào děngjí)
比較語言學 / 比较语言学 (bǐjiào yǔyánxué)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
比	較
ひ Grade: 5	かく Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

From 比 (hi, “compare”) + 較 (kaku, “compare”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひかく [hìkákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [çi̥ka̠kɯ̟]

Noun

比(ひ)較(かく) • (hikaku)

comparison

Derived terms

比較器 (hikakuki): comparator
比較級 (hikakukyū): comparative, comparative degree
比較式 (hikakushiki): comparison expression
比較的 (hikakuteki): comparative, relative
比較関係 (hikaku kankei): comparative relation
比較条件 (hikaku jōken): relation condition
比較対照 (hikaku taishō): comparison and contrast
比較文化 (hikaku bunka): comparative culture
比較文学 (hikaku bungaku): comparative literature
比較文字 (hikaku moji): relation character
比較法学 (hikaku hōgaku): comparative law
比較演算子 (hikaku enzanshi): relational operator, relation
比較言語学 (hikaku gengogaku): comparative linguistics
比較行動学 (hikaku kōdōgaku): ethology
比較生理学 (hikaku seirigaku): comparative physiology
比較発生学 (hikaku hasseigaku): comparative embryology
直接比較 (chokusetsu hikaku): direct comparison
論理比較 (ronri hikaku): logical comparison
略記組合せ比較条件 (ryakki kumiawase hikaku jōken): abbreviated combined relation condition

Verb

比(ひ)較(かく)する • (hikaku suru) transitive suru (stem 比(ひ)較(かく)し (hikaku shi), past 比(ひ)較(かく)した (hikaku shita))

compare with, draw a comparison

Conjugation

Conjugation of "比較する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	比較し	ひかくし	hikaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	比較し	ひかくし	hikaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	比較する	ひかくする	hikaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	比較する	ひかくする	hikaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	比較すれ	ひかくすれ	hikaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	比較せよ¹ 比較しろ²	ひかくせよ¹ ひかくしろ²	hikaku seyo¹ hikaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	比較される	ひかくされる	hikaku sareru
Causative	比較させる比較さす	ひかくさせるひかくさす	hikaku saseru hikaku sasu
Potential	比較できる	ひかくできる	hikaku dekiru
Volitional	比較しよう	ひかくしよう	hikaku shiyō
Negative	比較しない	ひかくしない	hikaku shinai
Negative continuative	比較せず	ひかくせず	hikaku sezu
Formal	比較します	ひかくします	hikaku shimasu
Perfective	比較した	ひかくした	hikaku shita
Conjunctive	比較して	ひかくして	hikaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	比較すれば	ひかくすれば	hikaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
比	較

Noun

比較 • (bigyo) (hangeul 비교)

hanja form^? of 비교 (“comparison”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

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