玫瑰

Chinese

		a kind of fine stone	(semi-precious stone); extraordinary
trad. (玫瑰)		玫	瑰
simp. ^#(玫瑰)		玫	瑰

Etymology

Appears to refer to a kind of (red) jade originally, as suggested by the semantic parts of the individual characters and the explanations in Shuowen.

Cognate with 梅槐 (“a tree similar to 薔薇”). Other potential cognates include 茅蒐 (máosōu, “a red plant dye; madder”) and 韎韐／韎𱂆 (“red madder-dyed knee covers”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): méigui, méiguī, méiguì

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ, ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mui⁴ gwai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòi-kui
Jin (Wiktionary): mei¹ gui³
Eastern Min (BUC): muòi-gói
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): mûi-kùi / bôe-kùi / môe-kùi

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁵ gui³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶me-kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: méigui
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: méigue̊i
  - Wade–Giles: mei²-kuei⁵
  - Yale: méi-gwei
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei.guei
  - Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ g̊u̯eɪ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: méiguī
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: méiguei
  - Wade–Giles: mei²-kuei¹
  - Yale: méi-gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguei
  - Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, non-standard variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: méiguì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: méiguèi
  - Wade–Giles: mei²-kuei⁴
  - Yale: méi-gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguey
  - Palladius: мэйгуй (mɛjguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mui⁴ gwai³
  - Yale: mùih gwai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mui⁴ gwai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: mui⁴ guei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːi̯²¹ kʷɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-kui
  - Hakka Romanization System: moi^ˇ gui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: moi² gui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹ ku̯i⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: mei¹ gui³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mei¹¹ kuei⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: muòi-gói
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mui⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)ui²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: muî-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mui'kuix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: buê-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boe'kuix
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² kui²¹/
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe-kùi
  - Tâi-lô: muê-kuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moe'kuix
  - IPA (Tainan): /muẽ²⁴⁻³³ kui²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhung⁵ gui³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bûng kùi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kui²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶me-kue
  - MiniDict: me^去 kue
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³me-kue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²² kue⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: mwoj hwoj|kwoj

Rime
Character	玫	瑰	瑰
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	匣 (33)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	莫杯切	戸恢切	公回切
Baxter	mwoj	hwoj	kwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muʌi/	/ɦuʌi/	/kuʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/muoi/	/ɦuoi/	/kuoi/
Shao Rongfen	/muɒi/	/ɣuɒi/	/kuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwəj/	/ɦwəj/	/kwəj/
Li Rong	/muᴀi/	/ɣuᴀi/	/kuᴀi/
Wang Li	/muɒi/	/ɣuɒi/	/kuɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑ̆i/	/ɣuɑ̆i/	/kuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méi	huí	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mui⁴	wui⁴	gui¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːl kuːl|ɡuːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瑰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ kwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁuj/
English	kind of precious stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	玫	瑰	瑰
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13013	4660	4671
Phonetic component	文	鬼	鬼
Rime group	微	微	微
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	枚	傀	回
Old Chinese	/*mɯːl/	/*kuːl/	/*ɡuːl/
Notes	說文作玟

Noun

玫瑰

(botany) rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa)
hybrid roses for ornamantal and edible uses
(～花) rose (flower) (Classifier: 朵 m)
- 2018 December 26, “玫瑰少年 [Womxnly]”, 蔡依林 [Jolin Tsai], 阿信 [Ashin] (lyrics), 剃刀蔣 [RAZOR Chiang] and 蔡依林 [Jolin Tsai] (music), performed by 蔡依林 [Jolin Tsai]:
  
  哪朵玫瑰沒有荊棘？ [MSC, trad.]
  哪朵玫瑰没有荆棘？ [MSC, simp.]
  Nǎ duǒ méiguī méiyǒu jīngjí? [Pinyin]
  What rose has no thorns?
(～色) rose colour
(literary, historical) a kind of beautiful jade

Synonyms

(flower): 刺客 (cìkè)

Derived terms

玫瑰戰爭 / 玫瑰战争
玫瑰果 (méiguīguǒ)
玫瑰柱
玫瑰樹 / 玫瑰树
玫瑰油
玫瑰灣 / 玫瑰湾 (Méiguīwān)
玫瑰精
玫瑰糠疹
玫瑰紅 / 玫瑰红 (méiguihóng)
玫瑰紫 (méiguizǐ)
玫瑰經 / 玫瑰经 (méiguījīng)
玫瑰罋
玫瑰色 (méiguisè)
玫瑰花
玫瑰葵花鸚鵡 / 玫瑰葵花鹦鹉 (méiguī kuíhuā yīngwǔ)
玫瑰露 (méiguīlù)
玫瑰露酒
玫瑰餅 / 玫瑰饼
玫瑰香水 (“rosewater”)
玫瑰鹽 / 玫瑰盐 (méiguīyán)
白玫瑰
紅玫瑰 / 红玫瑰
迷你玫瑰
風玫瑰圖 / 风玫瑰图

Japanese

Kanji in this term
玫	瑰
まい Hyōgai	かい Hyōgai
goon	kan'on

Noun

玫(まい)瑰(かい) • (maikai)

synonym of 浜梨 (hama-nasu, “beach rose, Rosa rugosa”)
a type of fine Chinese stone such a mica

Derived terms

玫瑰花(まいかいか) (maikaika)

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Japanese

Noun

Derived terms