玷

玷	U+73B7, 玷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73B7

← 玶
[U+73B6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

玸 →
[U+73B8]

Translingual

Han character

玷 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一土卜口 (MGYR), four-corner 1116₀, composition ⿰𤣩占)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 728, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20895
Dae Jaweon: page 1140, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1106, character 4
Unihan data for U+73B7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		玷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	ɦlaːm, hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	rteːm, rdeːms, teːm, tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	slem, ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	tem, teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	tems, tʰem
鉆	tʰem, ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	ʔljem, tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	tjems, teːm
苫	hljem, hljems
痁	hljem, teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	teːmʔ, teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	tiːms, tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	teːb, tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms): semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dim³
Eastern Min (BUC): diéng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiàm

(Teochew, Peng'im): diam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dim³
  - Yale: dim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dim³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːm³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dia̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
  - Tâi-lô: tiàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: diam¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiam
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam³³/

Note: diam1 - Shantou, Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: temX

Rime
Character	玷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	多忝切
Baxter	temX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tem^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tem^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛm^X/
Li Rong	/tem^X/
Wang Li	/tiem^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tiem^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dim²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤemʔ/, /*tˤemʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*teːmʔ/, /*teːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	玷	玷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tem^X ›	‹ tem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁemʔ/	/*tˁemʔ-s/
English	black spot	black spot, flaw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	玷	玷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16722	16727
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	點	店
Old Chinese	/*teːmʔ/	/*teːms/

Definitions

玷

flaw in gem; defect in jade
(figuratively, of a person) flaw in character
to blemish; to stain

Compounds

玷污 (diànwū)
玷辱 (diànrǔ)
瑕玷
畢生之玷 / 毕生之玷
白圭之玷

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 玷 – see 掂 (“to weigh in hand”). (This character is an obsolete form of 掂).

References

“玷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “玷”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.
zi.tools

Japanese

Kanji

玷

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)}^{←てむ (temu, ancient)}
Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)}^{←てむ (temu, ancient)}
Kun: かける (kakeru, 玷ける)

Korean

Hanja

玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

玷: Hán Nôm readings: điếm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Nôm: đém, điếm

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville