琴瑟

Chinese

		qin; general name for certain instruments	(mus. instr.)
trad. (琴瑟)		琴	瑟
simp. ^#(琴瑟)		琴	瑟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qínsè

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kam⁴ sat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khìm-sit
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khîm-sek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qínsè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cínsè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin²-sê⁴
  - Yale: chín-sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chynseh
  - Palladius: циньсэ (cinʹsɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kam⁴ sat¹
  - Yale: kàhm sāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴ sat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: kem⁴ sed¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹ sɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khìm-sit
  - Hakka Romanization System: kim^ˇ xid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kim² xid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰim¹¹ sit̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm-sek
  - Tâi-lô: khîm-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qimseg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰim²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰim²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰim²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: gim srit

Rime
Character	琴	瑟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	櫛 (51)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨金切	所櫛切
Baxter	gim	srit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/	/ʃɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/	/ʃɪt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/	/ʃiet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/	/ʂit̚/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/	/ʃiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/	/ʃĭet̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/	/ʂi̯æt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	she
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kam⁴	sat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m [s.m]ri[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯm smriɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	琴	瑟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín	sè
Middle Chinese	‹ gim ›	‹ srit ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/	/*[s.m]ri[t]/
English	lute	lute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	琴	瑟	瑟
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	6605	599	602
Phonetic component	今	必	必
Rime group	侵	質	質
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	琴	瑟	瑟
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯm/	/*smriɡ/	/*smriɡ/

Noun

琴瑟

(music) the qin and the se (traditional Chinese zither-like instruments)
- 窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǎotiǎoshūnǚ, qínsè yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
  The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
(figurative) marital harmony

Derived terms

琴瑟不調 / 琴瑟不调
琴瑟之好
琴瑟和好
琴瑟和諧 / 琴瑟和谐
琴瑟和鳴 / 琴瑟和鸣 (qínsèhémíng)
琴瑟失調 / 琴瑟失调
琴瑟相調 / 琴瑟相调
琴瑟調和 / 琴瑟调和

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (琴瑟):

→ Japanese: 琴瑟(きんしつ) (kinshitsu)
→ Korean: 금슬(琴瑟) (geumseul)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
琴	瑟
きん Grade: S	しつ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 琴瑟 (MC gim srit).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きんしつ [kìńshítsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) きんしつ [kíꜜǹshìtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲĩɰ̃ɕit͡sɨ]

Noun

琴(きん)瑟(しつ) • (kinshitsu) ^{←きんしつ (kinsitu)^?}

(literary, music) the qin and the se (traditional Chinese zither-like instruments)
(literary, figurative) marital harmony

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN