石榴
Chinese
| rock; stone; 10 pecks | pomegranate | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (石榴) |
石 | 榴 | |
| alternative forms | 石留 榭榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 謝榴／谢榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien 射留 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien | ||
Etymology
Clipping of 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sek6 lau4-2 / sek6 lau4
- Gan (Wiktionary): siit6 liu
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-liù
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5 liou4
- Northern Min (KCR): sī-liû
- Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh-lìu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zaq-lieu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr6 liou
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: shíliú → shíliu (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊u
- Wade–Giles: shih2-liu5
- Yale: shŕ-lyou
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.liou
- Palladius: шилю (šilju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 時流 / 时流
石榴
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (石榴兒 / 石榴儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shíliúr → shíliur (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊㄦ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄌㄧㄡㄦ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhlio̊ur
- Wade–Giles: shih2-liu5-ʼrh
- Yale: shŕ-lyour
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.lioul
- Palladius: шилюр (šiljur)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si2 niu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sliu
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹ niəu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sek6 lau4-2 / sek6 lau4
- Yale: sehk láu / sehk làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9 lau4-2 / sek9 lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: ség6 leo4-2 / ség6 leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /sɛːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-liù
- Hakka Romanization System: sag liuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sag6 liu2
- Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ li̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sī-liû
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵ liu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h-liû
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaqliuu
- IPA (Taipei): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Lukang): /sia(ʔ)³⁵⁻² liu²⁴/
- IPA (Tainan): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
- IPA (Kinmen): /sia(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Yongchun, Sanxia, Yilan, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā-liû
- Tâi-lô: siā-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaxliuu
- IPA (Penang): /sia²¹ liu²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun): /sia²²⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Yilan): /sia³³⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sia⁴¹⁻²² liu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēe-liû
- Tâi-lô: sēe-liû
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ²²⁻²¹ liu¹³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-liû
- Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqliuu
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ liu²³/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k-liû
- Tâi-lô: si̍k-liû
- Phofsit Daibuun: segliuu
- IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴⁻³² liu²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siêh8 liu5 / sioh8 liu5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h liû / sio̍h liû
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/, /sioʔ⁴⁻² liu⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
- sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
- Middle Chinese: dzyek ljuw
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ m·ru/
Noun
石榴
- pomegranate
- (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
- (Cantonese) guava
Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “石榴” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Japanese
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.[1]
The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE.[2] The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, “Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times”).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
石榴 or 石榴 • (zakuro)
- [from 747] pomegranate
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ (zakuro).
Derived terms
- 石榴石 (zakuroishi): garnet (gemstone)
- 石榴口 (zakuroguchi): a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period
- 石榴ざか (zakurozaka): a rooster's crest or comb that resembles a pomegranate
- 石榴草 (zakurosō): Mollugo pentaphylla
- 石榴鼻 (zakurobana): a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2] While rare and missing from some dictionaries,[3][5] this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]
Noun
石榴 • (jakuro)
- [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate
Usage notes
The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| せき Grade: 1 |
りゅう Hyōgai |
| kan'on | |
/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
石榴 • (sekiryū) ←せきりう (sekiriu)?
- [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes
The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.
Derived terms
References
- ^ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980), たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”)[1] (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 6 June 2021
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
石榴 • (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)
- hanja form? of 석류 (“pomegranate”)
Okinawan
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| Grade: 1 | Hyōgai |
Etymology
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら.[1] Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.
Noun
石榴 (zakura)
References
- ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), , page 43
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
石榴