礫

See also: 砾
礫 U+792B, 礫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792B
← 礪
[U+792A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 礬 →
[U+792C]

Translingual

Traditional 礫
Shinjitai
(extended) 		䃯
Simplified 砾

Han character

礫 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口女戈木 (MRVID), four-corner 12694, composition ⿰石樂)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24572
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2463, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+792B

Chinese

trad. 礫
simp. 砾
2nd round simp. 劯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
樂 *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢 *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼 *pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒 *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽 *rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍 *qʰljawɢ
鑠 *qʰljawɢ
藥 *lawɢ
櫟 *lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅 *lawɢ
礫 *reːwɢ
瓅 *reːwɢ
皪 *reːwɢ
觻 *reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛 *qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *reːwɢ): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ)

Etymology

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”)

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎擊切
Baxter lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/lek̚/
Wang
Li 		/liek̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/liek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁewk/
English pebbles

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 礫
Reading # 1/1
No. 7685
Phonetic
component 		樂
Rime
group 		藥
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		靂
Old
Chinese 		/*reːwɢ/

Definitions

礫

  1. gravel; pebbles; potsherds

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

礫

  1. only used in 卓礫／卓砾

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

礫

  1. (historical dictionaries only) Appearance of white stones/rocks.
    • Jiyun (集韻): 礫，白石皃。

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

䃯

Print
standard

礫

Kanji

礫

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 䃯)

  1. pebble, stone

Readings

  • Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
  • Kan-on: れき (reki)
  • Kun: こいし (koishi, 礫)、つぶて (tsubute, 礫)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
礫
れき
Hyōgai
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek).

Pronunciation

Noun

礫(れき) • (reki) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    Synonyms: 石塊 (ishikoro), 小石 (koishi)
  2. gravel
Derived terms
  • 礫(れき)耕(こう)栽(さい)培(ばい) (rekikōsaibai)
  • 礫(れき)砂(さ)漠(ばく) (reki sabaku)
  • 火(か)山(ざん)礫(れき) (kazan reki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
礫
つぶて
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

  • 飛礫

Pronunciation

Noun

礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    Synonym: 小石 (koishi)
Derived terms
  • 石(いし)礫(つぶて) (ishitsubute)
  • 紙(かみ)礫(つぶて) (kamitsubute)
  • 雁(がん)礫(つぶて) (gantsubute)
  • 空(そら)礫(つぶて) (soratsubute)
  • 天(てん)狗(ぐ)礫(つぶて) (tengutsubute)
  • 梨(なし)の礫(つぶて) (nashi no tsubute)
  • 梨(なし)も礫(つぶて)も打(う)たぬ (nashi mo tsubute mo utanu)
  • 人(ひと)礫(つぶて) (hitotsubute)
  • 向(む)かい礫(つぶて) (mukaitsubute)
  • 雪(ゆき)礫(つぶて) (yukitsubute)
Proverbs
  • 暗(あん)夜(や)の礫(つぶて) (an'ya no tsubute)
  • 闇(やみ)の夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yami no yo no tsubute), 闇(やみ)夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yamiyo no tsubute)

Proper noun

礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) 

  1. a place name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
礫
たぶて
Hyōgai
irregular

From Old Japanese.

Possibly an apophonic form of or a shift from tsubute above.

Noun

礫(たぶて) • (tabute) 

  1. (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1522:
      , text here
      多夫手(たぶて)二毛(にも)投越(なげこし)都倍吉(つべき)天漢(あまのがは)敝太而礼婆可母(へだてればかも)安麻多須辨奈吉(あまたすべなき) [Man'yōgana]
      たぶてにも投(な)げ越(こ)しつべき天(あま)の川隔(がはへだ)てればかもあまたすべなき [Modern spelling]
      tabute ni mo nagekoshitsu beki Ama-no-gawa hedatereba ka mo amata subenaki
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
礫
こいし
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

礫(こいし) • (koishi) 

  1. alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
礫
たびいし
Hyōgai
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi) 

  1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
Derived terms
  • 礫(たびし)瓦(かわら) (tabishikawara)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek). Recorded as Middle Korean 륵〮 (lúk) (Yale: luk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok))

  1. hanja form? of 력/역 (“pebble”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
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