礪

See also: 砺

礪	U+792A, 礪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792A

← 礩
[U+7929]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礫 →
[U+792B]

礪	U+F985, 礪 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F985

← 濾
[U+F984]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

閭 →
[U+F986]

Translingual

Han character

礪 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿月 (MRMTB), four-corner 1162₇, composition ⿰石厲)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24571
Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 5
Unihan data for U+792A

Unihan data for U+F985

Chinese

trad.		礪
simp.		砺
alternative forms		厲／厉

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 礪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
糲	m·raːds, m·rads, *m·raːd
犡	m·raːds, m·rads
噧	hmreːds, r̥ʰaːd
邁	*mraːds
勱	*mraːds
蠆	*m̥ʰraːds
厲	*m·rads
勵	*m·rads
礪	*m·rads
蠣	*m·rads
蠇	*m·rads
癘	*m·rads
濿	*m·rads
櫔	*m·rads
巁	*m·rads
贎	m·rads, mlans
萬	*mlans

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lē

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lai⁶
  - Yale: laih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
  - Tâi-lô: lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³/

Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liaj^H/
Li Rong	/liɛi^H/
Wang Li	/lĭɛi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]at-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/
English	grindstone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礪
Reading #	1/1
No.	12623
Phonetic component	萬
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*m·rads/

Definitions

礪

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) whetstone
- 金就礪則利。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  金就砺则利。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Jīn jiù lì zé lì. [Pinyin]
  [M]etal that has been put to the whetstone will be sharp. (translation by John Knoblock)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to whet; to sharpen
磨礪／磨砺 ― mólì ― to steel oneself; to harden oneself; to discipline oneself

Compounds

帶礪 / 带砺
帶礪山河 / 带砺山河
帶礪河山 / 带砺河山
河山帶礪 / 河山带砺
法礪 / 法砺
淬礪 / 淬砺 (cuìlì)
砥兵礪伍 / 砥兵砺伍
砥志礪行 / 砥志砺行
砥礪 / 砥砺 (dǐlì)
砥節礪行 / 砥节砺行
磨礪 / 磨砺 (mólì)
磨礪以須 / 磨砺以须
礪兵秣馬 / 砺兵秣马
礪吻磨距 / 砺吻磨距
礪山帶河 / 砺山带河
礪帶山河 / 砺带山河
礪戈秣馬 / 砺戈秣马
礪石 / 砺石

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lòe / lè

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lòe
  - Tâi-lô: luè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loex
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lè
  - Tâi-lô: lè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²¹/

Definitions

礪

(Hokkien) alternative form of 鑢 / 𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砺
Print standard	礪

Kanji

礪

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砺)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: れ (re)
Kan-on: れい (rei)
Kun: あらと (arato, 礪)、みがく (migaku, 礪く)
Nanori: と (to)

Korean

Hanja

礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.