纍

See also: 累

纍	U+7E8D, 纍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E8D

← 續
[U+7E8C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

纎 →
[U+7E8E]

Translingual

Han character

纍 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 田田田火 (WWWF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱畾糸)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 942, character 43
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28039
Dae Jaweon: page 1382, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3466, character 8
Unihan data for U+7E8D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摞	roːl, roːls
騾	*roːl
螺	*roːl
蔂	roːl, rul
虆	roːl, rul
瘰	*roːlʔ
礌	ruːl, ruːls
雷	*ruːl
擂	ruːl, ruːls
攂	ruːl, ruːls
礧	ruːll, ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡	ruːl, ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃	ruːl, rul, *ruls
櫑	ruːl, ruːlʔ
鑘	ruːl, ruːlʔ
鐳	*ruːl
畾	*ruːl
轠	ruːl, rulʔ
罍	*ruːl
蕾	*ruːlʔ
癗	*ruːlʔ
磥	*ruːlʔ
累	ruːls, rolʔ, *rols
儽	ruːls, rul
樏	rolʔ, rul
鸓	rul, rulʔ
嫘	*rul
纍	rul, ruls
欙	*rul
纝	*rul
壘	*rulʔ
櫐	*rulʔ
蘽	*rulʔ
藟	*rulʔ
讄	*rulʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rul, *ruls): phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl) + semantic 糸 (“fine silk”). The original meaning is "rope; to bind", hence any reference to being tired after hard work in the fields or after sewing is a folk etymology based on modern meaning.

Etymology

“to bind; rope”: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rej ~ s-rwi(j) (“obscure internal channel; cord; string; creeper; cane; rattan”); cognate with Mizo hrui (“creeper; cane; rope”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “kind of creeper; tree (in compounds)”).; Related to 虆 (OC *roːl, *rul, “creeper; rambler”), 藟 (OC *rulʔ, “to wind; creeper”) (Wang, 1982).; Proto-Tai *roːjꟲ (“to string together”) (whence Thai ร้อย (rɔ́ɔi)) may be a loan from Chinese (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Also see 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		纍/累^*
simp.		累^*

Mandarin
(Pinyin): léi (lei²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): lùi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûi
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: léi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: léi
  - Wade–Giles: lei²
  - Yale: léi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁴
  - Yale: lèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lùi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
  - Tâi-lô: luî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lui²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lui²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui²³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

Middle Chinese: lwij

Rime
Character	纍
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力追切
Baxter	lwij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwi/
Li Rong	/lui/
Wang Li	/lwi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	léi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]uj/

(Zhengzhang): /*rul/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	纍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	léi
Middle Chinese	‹ lwij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]uj/
English	to wind around, bind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	纍
Reading #	1/2
No.	7741
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	㶟
Old Chinese	/*rul/
Notes	見爾雅

Definitions

纍

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stitch, link or bind together in an orderly fashion
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to twist around; to wind around
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to confine; to impound; to imprison
alt. forms: 儽
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to be killed despite being innocent; to die of persecution
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) container for armour
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 縲 / 缧 (léi, “rope”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 㹎 (léi, “bull in mating season”)
a surname

Compounds

印纍綬若 / 印累绶若
湘纍 / 湘累
繫纍 / 系累
纍囚 / 累囚
纍堆 / 累堆
纍牛 / 累牛
纍瓦結繩 / 累瓦结绳
纍紲 / 累绁 (léixiè)
纍纍 / 累累 (léiléi)
纍臣 / 累臣

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 纍 – see 累 (“to pile up; repeated”). (This character is a variant form of 累).

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 纍 – see 累 (“to involve; to implicate”). (This character is a variant form of 累).

Japanese

Kanji

纍

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 累)

bind
wind about
link
join

Readings

Go-on: るい (rui)^{←るゐ (rwi, historical)}
Kan-on: るい (rui)^{←るゐ (rwi, historical)}
On: らい (rai)
Kun: つづる (tsuzuru, 纍る)

Korean

Hanja

纍 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

纍: Hán Nôm readings: lũy/luỹ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation