羆

See also: 罴

羆	U+7F86, 羆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F86

← 羅
[U+7F85]

CJK Unified Ideographs

羇 →
[U+7F87]

Translingual

Han character

羆 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 田中戈心火 (WLIPF), four-corner 6033₁, composition ⿱罒熊)

Derived characters

𤜑, 𧟍, 𨰟, 𧄾, 𥷾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 950, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28398
Dae Jaweon: page 1392, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2928, character 1
Unihan data for U+7F86

Chinese

trad.		羆
simp.		罴
alternative forms		𦌲𥀍𥀧𥀡𥀦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羆
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (罷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
擺	*preːlʔ
犤	breːl, pral, *bral
罷	breːlʔ, bral, *bralʔ
矲	*breːlʔ
羆	*pral
襬	pral, pʰrals
藣	pral, prals

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pral): phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ) + semantic 熊 (“bear”); the common part 能 is shared.

Etymology

Zhang (2019) observes that the young of some brown bear subspecies sport white stripes, which fade with age, around their chests, and proposes that 羆 (OC *praj) is cognate to 斑 (OC *prân) "stripe, striped", both being from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pral. As 斑 (OC *prân) is possibly the same word as 班 (OC *prân) (Schuessler, 2007), see 班 (OC *prân) for more etymology.

Meanwhile, Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) compare 羆 (OC *praj) to Brag-bar Situ prī (“Asiatic brown bear”), Cogtse Situ prī (“idem”), and Japhug pri (“idem”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pí (pi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹
Eastern Min (BUC): pì
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pi²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phî

(Teochew, Peng'im): pi⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pí
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pí
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi²
  - Yale: pí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pi²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
  - Tâi-lô: phî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: pje

Rime
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼爲切
Baxter	pje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/piɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiə̆/
Li Rong	/pje/
Wang Li	/pǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*praj/

(Zhengzhang): /*pral/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ pje ›
Old Chinese	/*praj/
English	brown-and-white bear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
No.	171
Phonetic component	罷
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	陂
Old Chinese	/*pral/

Definitions

羆

(archaic) brown bear
- 吉夢維何、
  維熊維羆、
  維虺維蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吉梦维何、
  维熊维罴、
  维虺维蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jí mèng wéi hé,
  Wéi xióng wéi pí,
  Wéi huǐ wéi shé. [Pinyin]
  What dreams are lucky?
  They have been about black bears and brown bears,
  They have been about asps and adders.

Synonyms

馬熊／马熊 (mǎxióng)
人熊 (rénxióng)
棕熊 (zōngxióng)

Compounds

夢兆熊羆 / 梦兆熊罴
夢羆 / 梦罴
熊羆 / 熊罴
熊羆之士 / 熊罴之士
熊羆之祥 / 熊罴之祥
熊羆入夢 / 熊罴入梦
羆丸 / 罴丸
老羆當道 / 老罴当道
非熊非羆 / 非熊非罴
非羆 / 非罴

Japanese

Kanji

羆

(Hyōgai kanji)

brown bear

Readings

Go-on: ひ (hi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi)
Kun: ひぐま (higuma, 羆)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
羆
ひぐま Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
緋熊樋熊

緋 (hi, “scarlet”) +‎ 熊 (kuma, “bear”)(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひぐま [hìgúmá] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) ひぐま [híꜜgùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [çiɡɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

羆(ひぐま) or 羆(ヒグマ) • (higuma)

a brown bear
三毛別(さんけべつ)羆(ひぐま)事件(じけん)
Sankebetsu higuma jiken
Sankebetsu brown bear incident

Korean

Hanja

羆 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)

(말곰 비, malgom-): brown bear, horse bear

Synonyms

熊 (웅, ung) bear

Vietnamese

Han character

羆: Hán Nôm readings: bi

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