苧

苧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一弓 (TJMN) or 難廿十一弓 (XTJMN), four-corner 4420₁, composition ⿱艹宁)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30798
• Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3196, character 4
• Unihan data for U+82E7

Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *daʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).

苧

1. ramie (Boehmeria nivea)

• “苧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “苎（～麻）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “苎”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 85.

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Go-on: じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ま (ma)
• Kun: お (o, 苧)^{←を (wo, 苧, historical)}、むし (mushi)、からむし (karamushi, 苧)、からんし (karanshi, 苧)、こるむし (korumushi, 苧)

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [o̞]

苧(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. synonym of 麻 (asa, “hemp”) or synonym of 苧 (karamushi, “ramie”)
   • c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:

     苧根 山苧_{相似、不入用}和名乎乃祢

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

1. thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie
2. a textile made from this thread

From Old Japanese. Possibly the original name for the plant, or for the fiber from this plant.

Compare Korean 모시 (mosi, “ramie cloth; ramie plant”), Ainu モセ (mose), ムセ (muse, “nettle plant; bast fiber in general”). Alexander Vovin believes that the Old Japanese word was borrowed from Korean. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ɕi]

苧(むし) • (mushi) 

1. (obsolete) synonym of 苧 (karamushi, “the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea”)
2. short for 虫の垂れ衣 (mushi no tareginu, “a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period”)

Appears to be a compound of 殻 (kara, “husk”) +‎ 苧 (mushi, “ramie fiber”).

Some sources suggest that the mushi component derives from 蒸し (mushi, “steaming”), from verb 蒸す (musu, “to steam something; to be steamy or muggy”). However, ramie is not processed using steam, so these are more likely to be folk etymologies.

• (Tokyo) からむし [kàráꜜmùshì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2][3]
• (Tokyo) からむし [kàrámúshí] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠mɯ̟ɕi]

苧(からむし) • (karamushi) 

1. the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea)
2. a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     蒭麻衣 加良牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• 苧(からむし)頭(ず)巾(きん) (karamushi zukin): a 頭巾 (zukin, “headcloth, bandana”) made from ramie

• Boehmeria at The Plant List

/karamuɕi/ → /karanɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

苧(からんし) • (karanshi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread

/karamuɕi/ → /korumuɕi/

Alteration from karamushi. Rare and obsolete reading.

• IPA^(key): [ko̞ɾɯ̟mɯ̟ɕi]

苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) 

1. (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant
2. (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant
3. (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread
   • circa 800, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi, Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN, page 47:

     纎麻衣 古流牟斯衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang), but read with the on'yomi from 麻 (ma, “hemp”). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù), 麻 (má).

• IPA^(key): [ma̠]

苧(ま) • (ma) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

From Middle Chinese 薴 (MC nreang). Compare modern Mandarin 苧 (zhù).

• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]

苧(ちょ) • (cho) 

1. the ramie or hemp plant or fiber

• Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.

苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

苧: Hán Nôm readings: trữ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.