菊花
Chinese
| chrysanthemum | flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (菊花) | 菊 | 花 | |
| simp. #(菊花) | 菊 | 花 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'jiuh6 fa1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jyeh4 hua1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̆-huá
- Eastern Min (BUC): gé̤ṳk-huă
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): goeh6 hua1 / gyoeh6 hua1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): goek2 waa1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: júhuā
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhua
- Wade–Giles: chü2-hua1
- Yale: jyú-hwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhua
- Palladius: цзюйхуа (czjujxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: júhuār
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyúhuar
- Wade–Giles: chü2-hua1-ʼrh
- Yale: jyú-hwār
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyuhual
- Palladius: цзюйхуар (czjujxuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ju2 hua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gyxua
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹ xua⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jǔhua
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹ xua/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jůqhuà
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): juq5 hua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyʔ⁵ xua³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: guk1 faa1
- Yale: gūk fā
- Cantonese Pinyin: guk7 faa1
- Guangdong Romanization: gug1 fa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊk̚⁵ faː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: kuk7 faa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊk̚⁴⁴ fa²¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-fâ
- Hakka Romanization System: kiugˋ faˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiug5 fa1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² fa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiug faˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiuk⁵⁻² fa⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kiug5 fa1
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiʊk̚¹ fa⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̆-huá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²⁴ xua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: goeh6 hua1 [Phonetic: goeh7 hua1]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ge̤h-hua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ hua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gyoeh6 hua1 [Phonetic: gyoeh7 hua1]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyøʔ²⁻⁴ hua⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoe
- Tâi-lô: kiok-hue
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoef
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-hoa
- Tâi-lô: kiok-hua
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiokhoaf
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /kiɔk̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kak-hoe
- Tâi-lô: kak-hue
- Phofsit Daibuun: kakhoef
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoe
- Tâi-lô: kik-hue
- Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoef
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /kek̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kek-hoa
- Tâi-lô: kik-hua
- Phofsit Daibuun: kekhoaf
- IPA (Penang): /kek̚³⁻⁴ hua³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- Taiwan:
- kiok-hoe/kek-hoe - colloquial;
- kiok-hoa - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêg4 huê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kek hue
- Sinological IPA (key): /kek̚²⁻⁴ hue³³/
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: goek2 waa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /køk̚³³ βa⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Suzhou)
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
- Wugniu: 7ciuq-hua1
- MiniDict: ciuih入 hua平
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕyəʔ³³ hua³⁴/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 7ciuq-huo1
- MiniDict: ciuih入 huo平
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁵ huo³³/
- (Jinhua)
- Wugniu: 7cioq-hua1
- Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕioʔ⁴⁴ huɑ⁵⁵/
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: kjuwk xwae
Noun
菊花
- chrysanthemum (plant or flower)
- (slang, euphemistic) anus; asshole
Synonyms
- (chrysanthemum):
- 九花 (jiǔhuā)
- 九花兒 / 九花儿 (jiǔhuār) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 壽客 / 寿客 (shòukè) (literary)
- 女華 / 女华 (nǚhuá) (literary)
- 家菊 (jiājú) (literary)
- 延年 (yánnián) (literary)
- 日精 (rìjīng) (literary)
- 秋菊 (qiūjú) (literary)
- 菊 (jú) (literary, or in compounds)
- 金英 (jīnyīng) (literary)
- 陶菊 (táojú) (literary)
- 隱逸花 / 隐逸花 (yǐnyìhuā) (literary)
- 黃華 / 黄华 (huánghuá) (literary)
Dialectal synonyms of 菊花 (“chrysanthemum”) [map]
- (anus):
Dialectal synonyms of 肛門 (“anus”) [map]
Derived terms
Descendants
Others：
- → Lü: ᦋᦲᧉᦩᦱᧈ (tsii²xwaa¹) (via Mandarin)
- → Malay: kékwa (via Hokkien)
- → Thai: เก๊กฮวย (géek-huai) (via Teochew)
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 菊 | 花 |
| きく Grade: S |
か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) きくか [kìkúká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- (Tokyo) きくか [kìkúꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
- IPA(key): [kʲikɯ̟ka̠]
Noun
菊花 • (kikuka) ←きくくわ (kikukwa)?
- chrysanthemum flower
- (traditional Chinese medicine) dried chrysanthemum flowers used in medicine
- one of the six kinds of incense, a scent resembling chrysanthemum flowers
See also
- 菊 (kiku)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 菊 | 花 |
| きく > きっ Grade: S |
か Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 菊 | 花 |
Noun
菊花 • (gukhwa) (hangeul 국화)
- hanja form? of 국화 (“chrysanthemum flower”)