萄

萄	U+8404, 萄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8404

← 萃
[U+8403]

CJK Unified Ideographs

萅 →
[U+8405]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

萄 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿心人山 (TPOU), four-corner 4472₇, composition ⿱艹匋)

Derived characters

𡐺, 𫱰, 𢵘, 𪷒, 𨼞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1040, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31252
Dae Jaweon: page 1499, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3237, character 11
Unihan data for U+8404

Chinese

trad.		萄
simp. ^#		萄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
掏	l̥ʰuː, l'uː
蜪	l̥ʰuː, l'uː
陶	bl'uː, luː
萄	*l'uː
啕	*l'uː
淘	*l'uː
騊	*l'uː
匋	*bl'uː
祹	*l'uː
綯	*l'uː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'uː): semantic 艹 + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː). Inside the character, there is a reference to the production of an earthenware jar, hence a possible reference to a plant used to make wine. Grape was introduced in China by Zhang Qian (張騫) during the Eastern Han period.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): táo, tao (tao², tao⁵／tao⁰)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ, ˙ㄊㄠ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tao²
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thò

(Hailu, HRS): to
Eastern Min (BUC): dò̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tor² / to²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tô / tô͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶dau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: táo
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: táo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao²
  - Yale: táu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
  - Palladius: тао (tao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tao
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄊㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tåo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao⁵
  - Yale: tau
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .tau
  - Palladius: тао (tao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tao²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: tou⁴
  - Yale: tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
  - Hakka Romanization System: to^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: to²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: to
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tor²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɒ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tor²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɒ²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: to²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: teó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: to²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²⁴/

Note:

tor2 - literary (as in 葡萄牙);
to2 - vernacular (as in 葡萄).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
  - Tâi-lô: tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /to²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶dau
  - MiniDict: dau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³dau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: daw

Rime
Character	萄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒刀切
Baxter	daw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/
Li Rong	/dɑu/
Wang Li	/dɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'uː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萄
Reading #	1/1
No.	12364
Phonetic component	匋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	陶
Old Chinese	/*l'uː/
Notes	草名後作蒲陶字

Definitions

萄

a kind of grass
used in 葡萄 (pútáo)

References

“萄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “萄”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 174.

Japanese

Kanji

萄

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}
Kan-on: とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}
Kun: ぶどう (budō)^{←ぶだう (budau, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

萄 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)

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Vietnamese

Han character

萄: Hán Nôm readings: đào

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