葸

葸	U+8478, 葸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8478

← 葷
[U+8477]

CJK Unified Ideographs

葹 →
[U+8479]

Translingual

Han character

葸 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿田心 (TWP), four-corner 4433₆, composition ⿱艹思)

afraid, bashful

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1046, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31463
Dae Jaweon: page 1508, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3249, character 3
Unihan data for U+8478

Chinese

trad.		葸
simp. ^#		葸
alternative forms		𦷚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (囟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
崽	ʔslɯːʔ, srɯː, *srɯː
偲	sn̥ʰɯː, snɯ
腮	*snɯː
鰓	*snɯː
揌	*snɯː
顋	*snɯː
愢	*snɯː
毢	*snɯː
諰	srɯː, snɯʔ
細	*snɯːls
思	snɯ, snɯs
緦	*snɯ
罳	*snɯ
禗	*snɯ
楒	*snɯ
葸	*snɯʔ
恖	*snɯ
颸	*sʰrɯ
囟	*snɯns
顖	*sniŋs
毸	*snɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *snɯʔ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 思 (OC *snɯ, *snɯs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xǐ (xi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǐ
  - Wade–Giles: hsi³
  - Yale: syǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shii
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saai²
  - Yale: sáai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːi̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: siX

Rime
Character	葸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	胥里切
Baxter	siX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ^X/
Li Rong	/siə^X/
Wang Li	/sĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*snɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葸
Reading #	1/1
No.	13841
Phonetic component	囟
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	枲
Old Chinese	/*snɯʔ/

Definitions

葸

(obsolete) a type of reed
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) scared; fearful; timid
alt. forms: 偲, 𤟧 (sǐ), 諰 / 𫍰 (xǐ), 鰓 / 鳃 (xǐ)
(literary, obsolete) expressionless; emotionless

Compounds

便辟佞葸
恇葸
懦葸
畏葸 (wèixǐ)
畏葸不前 (wèixǐbùqián)
畏葸卻步 / 畏葸却步
畏葸退縮 / 畏葸退缩
葸慎
葸懦
葸耎
葸葸
衰葸
退葸
鬼葸戲 / 鬼葸戏

References

“葸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “葸”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03957

Japanese

Kanji

葸

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): さい (sai)、し (shi)
Kun: よい (yoi)

Korean

葸 (eum 사 (sa))

afraid fear