衰弱

Chinese

		weak; feeble; decline weak; feeble; decline; wane; mourning garments	weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior
simp. and trad. (衰弱)		衰	弱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shuāiruò

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞㄖㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi¹ joek⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sôi-ngio̍k
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soe-lio̍k / soe-jio̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shuāiruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shuairuò
  - Wade–Giles: shuai¹-jo⁴
  - Yale: shwāi-rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuairuoh
  - Palladius: шуайжо (šuajžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: seoi¹ joek⁶
  - Yale: sēui yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soey¹ joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêu¹ yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôi-ngio̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: soi^ˊ ngiog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: soi¹ ngiog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /soi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯ok̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sue-lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soeliok
  - IPA (Taipei): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe-jio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: sue-jio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soejiok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue⁴⁴⁻³³ ziɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/

Verb

衰弱

to fall away; to waste away; to weaken

Synonyms

edit

消減 / 消减 (xiāojiǎn)
消退 (xiāotuì)
減退 / 减退 (jiǎntuì)
衰退 (shuāituì)

Derived terms

神經衰弱 / 神经衰弱 (shénjīng shuāiruò)

Adjective

衰弱

feeble; weak; faint

Synonyms

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冉弱 (rǎnruò) (literary)
單薄 / 单薄 (dānbó)
孤單 / 孤单 (gūdān)
孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
弱 (ruò)
微弱 (wēiruò)
柔弱 (róuruò)
瘦弱 (shòuruò)
瘦瘠 (shòují)
羸弱 (léiruò)
脆弱 (cuìruò)
荏弱 (Hokkien)
薄弱 (bóruò)
虛弱 / 虚弱 (xūruò)
虛荏 / 虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
虛虧 / 虚亏 (xūkuī)
虧弱 / 亏弱 (kuīruò)
軟弱 / 软弱 (ruǎnruò)
軟蔫蔫 / 软蔫蔫 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
軟䭕 / 软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
雌 (cí) (literary)
體弱 / 体弱 (tǐruò)

Antonyms

堅強／坚强 (jiānqiáng)
堅毅／坚毅 (jiānyì)
強健／强健 (qiángjiàn)
茁壯／茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (衰弱):

→ Japanese: 衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (suijaku)
→ Korean: 쇠약(衰弱) (soeyak)
→ Vietnamese: suy nhược (衰弱)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
衰	弱
すい Grade: S	じゃく Grade: 2
on'yomi	kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) すいじゃく [sùíjákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [sɨiʑa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

衰(すい)弱(じゃく) • (suijaku) ^{←すいじやく (suizyaku)^?}

breakdown, collapse, emaciation, debility

Derived terms

衰(すい)弱(じゃく)死(し) (suijakushi)
神(しん)経(けい)衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (shinkei suijaku)
精(せい)神(しん)衰(すい)弱(じゃく) (seishin suijaku)

Verb

衰(すい)弱(じゃく)する • (suijaku suru) ^{←すいじやく (suizyaku)^?}intransitive suru (stem 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)し (suijaku shi), past 衰(すい)弱(じゃく)した (suijaku shita))

to break down, to collapse
to waste away, to fall into decline, to weaken

Conjugation

Conjugation of "衰弱する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	衰弱し	すいじゃくし	suijaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	衰弱し	すいじゃくし	suijaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	衰弱する	すいじゃくする	suijaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	衰弱する	すいじゃくする	suijaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	衰弱すれ	すいじゃくすれ	suijaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	衰弱せよ¹ 衰弱しろ²	すいじゃくせよ¹ すいじゃくしろ²	suijaku seyo¹ suijaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	衰弱される	すいじゃくされる	suijaku sareru
Causative	衰弱させる衰弱さす	すいじゃくさせるすいじゃくさす	suijaku saseru suijaku sasu
Potential	衰弱できる	すいじゃくできる	suijaku dekiru
Volitional	衰弱しよう	すいじゃくしよう	suijaku shiyō
Negative	衰弱しない	すいじゃくしない	suijaku shinai
Negative continuative	衰弱せず	すいじゃくせず	suijaku sezu
Formal	衰弱します	すいじゃくします	suijaku shimasu
Perfective	衰弱した	すいじゃくした	suijaku shita
Conjunctive	衰弱して	すいじゃくして	suijaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	衰弱すれば	すいじゃくすれば	suijaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
衰	弱

Noun

衰弱 • (soeyak) (hangeul 쇠약)

hanja form^? of 쇠약 (“weakness; infirmity”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
衰	弱

Verb

衰弱

chữ Hán form of suy nhược (“depleted (of energy); debilitated; weakened”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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