金石

Chinese

		metal; gold; money	rock; stone; 10 pecks
simp. and trad. (金石)		金	石

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīnshí

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ sek⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kim-se̍k / kim-chio̍h

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim¹ zioh⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīnshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jinshíh
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹-shih²
  - Yale: jīn-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinshyr
  - Palladius: цзиньши (czinʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ sek⁶
  - Yale: gām sehk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ sek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ ség⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-se̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kim-si̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kimsek
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kim-chio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: kim-tsio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kimcioih
  - IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim¹ zioh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim tsio̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim³³⁻²³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

Note: gim1 zioh8 - "Jinshi" (Chaoyang accent).

Middle Chinese: kim dzyek

Rime
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居吟切	常隻切
Baxter	kim	dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	sik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)[ə]m dAk/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯm djaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)[ə]m/	/*dAk/
English	metal, bronze	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	金	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6679	11470
Phonetic component	金	石
Rime group	侵	鐸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	金	石
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/	/*djaɡ/
Notes	說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之

Noun

金石

metal and stone
inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tablets
(music) bells and chime stones used in ancient Chinese music
(figurative) hardness and strength; adamant

Derived terms

心如金石
擲地作金石聲 / 掷地作金石声
精誠所加，金石為虧 / 精诚所加，金石为亏
精誠所至，金石為開 / 精诚所至，金石为开 (jīngchéngsuǒzhì, jīnshíwéikāi)
金石不渝
金石之盟
金石之言
金石交
金石例
金石城 (Jīnshíchéng)
金石奏
金石學 / 金石学 (jīnshíxué)
金石文
金石文字記 / 金石文字记
金石為開 / 金石为开
金石索
金石絲竹 / 金石丝竹 (jīnshísīzhú)
金石聲 / 金石声
金石至交
金石良言 (jīnshíliángyán)
金石萃編 / 金石萃编
金石語 / 金石语
金石錄 / 金石录

Proper noun

金石

(～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
金	石
きん Grade: 1	せき Grade: 1
kan'on

From Chinese 金石 (jīnshí).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲĩɰ̃se̞kʲi]

Noun

金(きん)石(せき) • (kinseki)

[from 9th century] metal and stone, mineral
(figurative, by extension) (something) very strong, hard
金石(きんせき)の交(まじ)わり
kinseki no majiwari
a rock-solid relationship
[from 11th century] a metal or stone vessel; (especially) a musical instrument made of gold or stone, such as a bell or qing (Chinese stone chime)
[from 19th century] a message to posterity engraved in metal or stone; an inscription

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
金	石
かな Grade: 1	いし Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Superficially of 金(かな) (kana, “metal”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka̠na̠iɕi]

Noun

金(かな)石(いし) • (kanaishi)

(regional, Chiba prefecture) andesite (volcanic rock of intermediate composition)
Synonym: (standard) 安山岩 (anzangan)
(regional, Nagano to Kyoto prefecture) a stone, a rock
(regional, Shizuoka prefecture) native copper, copper mineral
Synonym: (standard) 自然銅 (shizendō)