長年

See also: 长年

Chinese

	long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	year
trad. (長年)	長	年
simp. (长年)	长	年
anagram	年長／年长

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chángnián

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ nin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhòng-ngièn / chhòng-ngiàn
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dung² ning² / dng² ning²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tn̂g-nî / tiông-liân / tiâng-liân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chángnián
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chángnián
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang²-nien²
  - Yale: cháng-nyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charngnian
  - Palladius: чаннянь (čannjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    常年
    長年 / 长年
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng⁴ nin⁴
  - Yale: chèuhng nìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ nin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ nin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng-ngièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˇ ngien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong² ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng-ngiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˇ ngian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong² ngian²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dung² ning² [Phonetic: dung⁵ ning²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dńg-níng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ¹³⁻¹¹ niŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: dng² ning² [Phonetic: dng⁵ ning²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ niŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tn̂g-nî
  - Tâi-lô: tn̂g-nî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dngnii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiông-liân
  - Tâi-lô: tiông-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dionglieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâng-liân
  - Tâi-lô: tiâng-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dianglieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/

Note: tn̂g-nî - many years.

Noun

長年

whole year
many years
- 長年致力於為台灣人權奔走的輔仁大學美籍教授梅心怡因為罹患癌症，6月8日病逝，享壽72歲。 [MSC, trad.]
  长年致力于为台湾人权奔走的辅仁大学美籍教授梅心怡因为罹患癌症，6月8日病逝，享寿72岁。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2015, 人權鬥士梅心怡追思會蔡英文輕握手道別
  Chángnián zhìlì yú wèi táiwān rénquán bēnzǒu de fǔréndàxué měijí jiàoshòu Méi Xīnyí yīnwèi líhuàn áizhèng, 6 yuè 8 rì bìngshì, xiǎngshòu 72 suì. [Pinyin]
  Mrs. Lynn Miles, an American who was a professor of the Fu Jen Catholic University and was dedicated to advocating for human rights in Taiwan for many years, passed away from cancer at the age of 72 on the 8th of June.
long term; perennial period
(regional) permanent or longterm employment

Synonyms

(whole year):

edit

一年到暗 (Hakka)
一年到頭 / 一年到头 (yīniándàotóu)
一年四季 (yīniánsìjì)
全年 (quánnián)
四季 (sìjì)
四時 / 四时 (sìshí)
夠年 / 够年 (gao³ ni⁵) (Teochew)
完年 (Hakka)
常年 (chángnián)
成年 (chéngnián) (informal)
整年 (zhěngnián)
歲時 / 岁时 (suìshí)
永年 (yǒngnián)
終年 / 终年 (zhōngnián) (literary)
終歲 / 终岁 (zhōngsuì) (literary)
規圇年 / 规囵年 (Hokkien)
規年 / 规年 (Hokkien)
規年通天 / 规年通天 (Hokkien)
透年 (Hokkien)

(many years): 多年 (duōnián)

Derived terms

長年累月 / 长年累月 (chángniánlěiyuè)

Adjective

長年

(literary) long-lived; longevous

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngnián

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngnián
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngnián
  - Wade–Giles: chang³-nien²
  - Yale: jǎng-nyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangnian
  - Palladius: чжаннянь (čžannjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

Noun

長年

(regional) shipowner
Synonyms: 船主 (chuánzhǔ), 船東 / 船东 (chuándōng)

References

李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “872 长工”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 377.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	年
なが Grade: 2	ねん Grade: 1
yutōyomi

Alternative spelling
永年

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

(Tokyo) ながねん [nàgánéń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [na̠ɡa̠nẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

長(なが)年(ねん) • (naganen)

many years

Adverb

(used with negatives) for a long time

Pronunciation 2

(Tokyo) ちょーねん [chòónéń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːnẽ̞ɴ]

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
長	年
ちょう Grade: 2	ねん Grade: 1
on'yomi

Noun

長(ちょう)年(ねん) • (chōnen)

many years
a long lifespan

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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