韌
See also: 韧
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Translingual
Han character
韌 (Kangxi radical 178, 韋+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木手尸竹戈 (DQSHI), four-corner 47547, composition ⿰韋刃)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1393, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43109
- Dae Jaweon: page 1908, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4503, character 7
- Unihan data for U+97CC
Chinese
| trad. | 韌 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 韧 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 韌 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯns): semantic 韋 + phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns).
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyin5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): reng3
- Eastern Min (BUC): nông / êng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nong5 / nuong5 / zing3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gnin; 6zen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ren4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
- Wade–Giles: jên4
- Yale: rèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
- Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ren3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
- Sinological IPA (key): /zən⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngan6 / jan6
- Yale: ngahn / yahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngan6 / jan6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngen6 / yen6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐn²²/, /jɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- ngan6 - vernacular;
- jan6 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡin³³/
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiun
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiun
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯un⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: ngiun4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋiun⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
Note:
- nông - vernacular;
- êng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nong5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: neōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nuong5
- Sinological IPA (key): /nuoŋ²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zing3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- nong5/nuong5 - vernacular;
- zing3 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
- Tâi-lô: lūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: lun
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei, Yilan): /lun³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /lun²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
- Tâi-lô: jūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: jun
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
- IPA (Tainan): /d͡zun³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zun²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǔn
- Tâi-lô: lǔn
- IPA (Lukang): /lun³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
- Tâi-lô: līm
- Phofsit Daibuun: lim
- IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
- Tâi-lô: jīm
- Phofsit Daibuun: jim
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
- Tâi-lô: līn
- Phofsit Daibuun: lin
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
- Tâi-lô: jīn
- Phofsit Daibuun: jin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Kinmen)
Note:
- lūn/jūn/lǔn - vernacular;
- līm/jīm, līn/jīn - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: rung7 / rim2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jūng / jím
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zuŋ¹¹/, /d͡zim⁵²/
Note:
- rung7 - vernacular;
- rim2 - literary.
Note:
- 3nyin - vernacular;
- 3zen - literary.
- Middle Chinese: nyinH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/
Definitions
韌
Synonyms
- (strong): (Hokkien) 鞫
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “strong”): 脆 (cuì)
Compounds
References
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “韧”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 415.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “韧”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 197.
Japanese
Kanji
韌
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