鱷
See also: 鳄
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Translingual
Han character
鱷 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+16, 27 strokes, cangjie input 弓火一土口 (NFMGR), four-corner 26327, composition ⿰魚噩)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46597
- Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4720, character 10
- Unihan data for U+9C77
Chinese
| trad. | 鱷/鰐 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鳄 | |
| nonstandard simp. | 𱈚 | |
| alternative forms | 𧊜 𩻙 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 斥 | *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ |
| 訴 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 泝 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 愬 | *sŋaːɡs, *sŋreːɡ |
| 遡 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 塑 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 溯 | *sŋaːɡs |
| 遻 | *ŋaːɡs |
| 柝 | *tŋ̊ʰaːɡ |
| 鶚 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 諤 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 齶 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鍔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 遌 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 崿 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 偔 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 堮 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 湂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鱷 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 噩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 咢 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鑩 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鄂 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 鰐 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 萼 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 愕 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 顎 | *ŋaːɡ |
| 朔 | *sŋraːɡ |
| 槊 | *sraːwɢ |
| 蒴 | *sraːwɢ |
| 坼 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 拆 | *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ |
| 逆 | *ŋraɡ |
| 屰 | *ŋraɡ |
| 縌 | *ŋraɡ |
| 蝷 | *reːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋaːɡ): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ).
Etymology
Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to:
- 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007).
- Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”).
Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to:
- Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese.
- Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐 (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚 (uo, “fish”).
Vovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) "aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜; and that "it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngo̍k
- Northern Min (KCR): ngŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngáuk / ngăuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngo6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: è
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngok6
- Yale: ngohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngok9
- Guangdong Romanization: ngog6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngok2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: ngog
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngog6
- Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: go̍k
- Tâi-lô: go̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho̍k
- Tâi-lô: kho̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: qok
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngo̍k
- Tâi-lô: ngo̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngok
- IPA (Singapore): /ŋɔk̚⁴³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nga̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: ngak
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ/
Definitions
鱷
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 鱷魚 (“crocodile; alligator”) [map]
Compounds
Descendants
- →? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)
- Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)
- Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)
- Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)
- Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)
References
Japanese
| 鰐 | |
| 鱷 |
Kanji
鱷
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鰐)
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Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
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