鳥瞰
Chinese
| bird | bird's-eye view; glance | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (鳥瞰) | 鳥 | 瞰 | |
| simp. (鸟瞰) | 鸟 | 瞰 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: niǎokàn
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˇ ㄎㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: niǎokàn
- Wade–Giles: niao3-kʻan4
- Yale: nyǎu-kàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neaukann
- Palladius: няокань (njaokanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: niu5 ham3
- Yale: níuh ham
- Cantonese Pinyin: niu5 ham3
- Guangdong Romanization: niu5 hem3
- Sinological IPA (key): /niːu̯¹³ hɐm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu-khàm
- Tâi-lô: niáu-khàm
- Phofsit Daibuun: niaw'qaxm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /niãu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰam⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /niãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰam²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Noun
鳥瞰
- general survey of a subject; bird's-eye view
Synonyms
- 事由 (shìyóu) (of an official document)
- 匯總 / 汇总 (huìzǒng)
- 大綱 / 大纲 (dàgāng)
- 大要 (dàyào)
- 小結 / 小结 (xiǎojié)
- 提綱 / 提纲 (tígāng)
- 提要 (tíyào)
- 摘要 (zhāiyào)
- 撮要 (cuōyào) (dated)
- 擇要 / 择要 (zéyào)
- 梗概 (gěnggài)
- 概括 (gàikuò)
- 概況 / 概况 (gàikuàng)
- 概略 (gàilüè)
- 概要 (gàiyào)
- 概說 / 概说 (gàishuō) (often used in book and chapter titles)
- 概貌 (gàimào)
- 概述 (gàishù)
- 綱要 / 纲要 (gāngyào)
- 綱領 / 纲领 (gānglǐng)
- 總結 / 总结 (zǒngjié)
- 總綱 / 总纲 (zǒnggāng)
- 要略 (yàolüè) (often used in book and chapter titles)
- 輪廓 / 轮廓 (lúnkuò)
Verb
鳥瞰
Synonyms
Antonyms
- 仰望 (yǎngwàng)
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 鳥 | 瞰 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 |
かん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 鳥観 |
Pronunciation
Noun
Synonyms
- 俯瞰 (fukan)
Derived terms
- 鳥瞰図 (chōkanzu)
- 鳥瞰的 (chōkanteki)
Verb
鳥瞰する • (chōkan suru) ←てうかん (teukan)?transitive suru (stem 鳥瞰し (chōkan shi), past 鳥瞰した (chōkan shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "鳥瞰する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鳥瞰し | ちょうかんし | chōkan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鳥瞰し | ちょうかんし | chōkan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鳥瞰する | ちょうかんする | chōkan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鳥瞰する | ちょうかんする | chōkan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鳥瞰すれ | ちょうかんすれ | chōkan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鳥瞰せよ¹ 鳥瞰しろ² |
ちょうかんせよ¹ ちょうかんしろ² |
chōkan seyo¹ chōkan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 鳥瞰される | ちょうかんされる | chōkan sareru | |
| Causative | 鳥瞰させる 鳥瞰さす |
ちょうかんさせる ちょうかんさす |
chōkan saseru chōkan sasu | |
| Potential | 鳥瞰できる | ちょうかんできる | chōkan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 鳥瞰しよう | ちょうかんしよう | chōkan shiyō | |
| Negative | 鳥瞰しない | ちょうかんしない | chōkan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 鳥瞰せず | ちょうかんせず | chōkan sezu | |
| Formal | 鳥瞰します | ちょうかんします | chōkan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 鳥瞰した | ちょうかんした | chōkan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 鳥瞰して | ちょうかんして | chōkan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鳥瞰すれば | ちょうかんすれば | chōkan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 鳥 | 瞰 |
Noun
鳥瞰 • (jogam) (hangeul 조감)