概括

See also: 槪括

Chinese

		general; approximate	enclose; include
trad. (概括)		概	括
simp. ^#(概括)		概	括

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gàikuò, gàiguā

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˋ ㄎㄨㄛˋ, ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koi³ kut³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khài-koat / khài-koah / kài-koat

(Teochew, Peng'im): kai³ guag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ke-kuaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gàikuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ ㄎㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gàikuò
  - Wade–Giles: kai⁴-kʻuo⁴
  - Yale: gài-kwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaykuoh
  - Palladius: гайко (gajko)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gàiguā
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˋ ㄍㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gàigua
  - Wade–Giles: kai⁴-kua¹
  - Yale: gài-gwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaygua
  - Palladius: гайгуа (gajgua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: koi³ kut³
  - Yale: koi kut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koi³ kut⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: koi³ kud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³³ kʰuːt̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khài-koat
  - Tâi-lô: khài-kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qae'koad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kuat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khài-koah
  - Tâi-lô: khài-kuah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qae'koaq
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kuaʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kuaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài-koat
  - Tâi-lô: kài-kuat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kae'koad
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ kuat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kai³ guag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khài kuak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kuak̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ke-kuaq
  - MiniDict: ke^去 kuah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke-kuaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³³ kuaʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

概括

(transitive) to summarize; to sum up; to generalize; to outline; to epitomize; to compress
精闢概括／精辟概括 ― jīngpì gàikuò ― succinct summary

用一句話概括／用一句话概括 ― yòng yī jù huà gàikuò ― to summarise in one sentence

Synonyms

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匯總 / 汇总 (huìzǒng)
小結 / 小结 (xiǎojié)
提要 (tíyào)
摘要 (zhāiyào)
擇要 / 择要 (zéyào)
概述 (gàishù)
歸納 / 归纳 (guīnà)
歸結 / 归结 (guījié)
總括 / 总括 (zǒngkuò)
總結 / 总结 (zǒngjié)

Noun

概括

summary; overview

Synonyms

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事由 (shìyóu) (of an official document)
匯總 / 汇总 (huìzǒng)
大綱 / 大纲 (dàgāng)
大要 (dàyào)
小結 / 小结 (xiǎojié)
提綱 / 提纲 (tígāng)
提要 (tíyào)
摘要 (zhāiyào)
撮要 (cuōyào) (dated)
擇要 / 择要 (zéyào)
梗概 (gěnggài)
概況 / 概况 (gàikuàng)
概略 (gàilüè)
概要 (gàiyào)
概說 / 概说 (gàishuō) (often used in book and chapter titles)
概貌 (gàimào)
概述 (gàishù)
綱要 / 纲要 (gāngyào)
綱領 / 纲领 (gānglǐng)
總結 / 总结 (zǒngjié)
總綱 / 总纲 (zǒnggāng)
要略 (yàolüè) (often used in book and chapter titles)
輪廓 / 轮廓 (lúnkuò)
鳥瞰 / 鸟瞰 (niǎokàn)

Adjective

概括

brief and to the point; succinct; concise

Synonyms

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扼要 (èyào)
簡 / 简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
簡明 / 简明 (jiǎnmíng)
簡潔 / 简洁 (jiǎnjié)
簡練 / 简练 (jiǎnliàn)
簡要 / 简要 (jiǎnyào)
精簡 / 精简 (jīngjiǎn)
精粹 (jīngcuì)
精練 / 精练 (jīngliàn)

Derived terms

概括性

Japanese

Kanji in this term
概	括
がい Grade: S	かつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
槪括 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がいかつ [gàíkátsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡa̠ika̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

概(がい)括(かつ) • (gaikatsu) ^{←がいくわつ (gaikwatu)^?}

summary
(logic) generalization

Verb

概(がい)括(かつ)する • (gaikatsu suru) ^{←がいくわつ (gaikwatu)^?}suru (stem 概(がい)括(かつ)し (gaikatsu shi), past 概(がい)括(かつ)した (gaikatsu shita))

to summarize, to sum up
(logic) to generalize

Conjugation

Conjugation of "概括する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	概括し	がいかつし	gaikatsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	概括し	がいかつし	gaikatsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	概括する	がいかつする	gaikatsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	概括する	がいかつする	gaikatsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	概括すれ	がいかつすれ	gaikatsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	概括せよ¹ 概括しろ²	がいかつせよ¹ がいかつしろ²	gaikatsu seyo¹ gaikatsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	概括される	がいかつされる	gaikatsu sareru
Causative	概括させる概括さす	がいかつさせるがいかつさす	gaikatsu saseru gaikatsu sasu
Potential	概括できる	がいかつできる	gaikatsu dekiru
Volitional	概括しよう	がいかつしよう	gaikatsu shiyō
Negative	概括しない	がいかつしない	gaikatsu shinai
Negative continuative	概括せず	がいかつせず	gaikatsu sezu
Formal	概括します	がいかつします	gaikatsu shimasu
Perfective	概括した	がいかつした	gaikatsu shita
Conjunctive	概括して	がいかつして	gaikatsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	概括すれば	がいかつすれば	gaikatsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(summary): 要(よう)約(やく) (yōyaku)
(generalization): 一(いっ)般(ぱん)化(か) (ippanka), 普(ふ)遍(へん)化(か) (fuhenka)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “generalization”): 限(げん)定(てい) (gentei)

Derived terms

概(がい)括(かつ)的(てき) (gaikatsuteki)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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