Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From a form of ꜥnn (“to turn back”).
Adverb
- (Late Egyptian) again, once more, anew
- (Late Egyptian) back, to a previous condition or place
- (Late Egyptian) furthermore, in addition
- (Late Egyptian, negated) nor yet, nor
- (Late Egyptian, negated) nevermore, never again
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥn
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| ꜥnw
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ꜥnw
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ꜥnw
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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Descendants
- Demotic: ꜥn, jn
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲛ (on)
Etymology 2
Noun
m
- writing tablet made of wood or metal [since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
Declension of ꜥn (masculine)
| singular
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ꜥn
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| dual
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ꜥnwj
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| plural
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ꜥnw
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥn
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| ꜥn
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ꜥnj
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ꜥnw
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ꜥn
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ꜥnw
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| [Middle Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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abbreviation
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Etymology 3
Nominalized from the participle of ꜥnj (“to be beautiful, pleasant, kind”).
Noun
m
- kind, pleasant man
Inflection
Declension of ꜥn (masculine)
| singular
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ꜥn
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| dual
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ꜥnwj
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| plural
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ꜥnw
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Etymology 4
Compare ꜥf (“there”) and ꜥꜣ (“here, there”), apparently paralleling the several series of demonstrative determiners with endings -n, -f, -ꜣ, for instance pn, pf, and pꜣ.
Adverb
- (Neo-Middle Egyptian) here [18th Dynasty]
See also
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
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determiners and pronouns
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adverbs
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singular
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plural1
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masculine
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feminine
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| proximal
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pn
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tn
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nn
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ꜥn
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| distal
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pf, pfꜣ
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tf, tfꜣ
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nf, nfꜣ
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ꜥf
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| ‘copula’ and vocative
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pw, pwy
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tw, twy
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nw
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—
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| anaphoric
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ
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ꜥꜣ
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1 Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
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masculine
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feminine
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plural
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adverb
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| pronoun
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pꜣw
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dj
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| determiners and pronouns
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pꜣj
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tꜣj
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nꜣj
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| possessive determiners1
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pꜣy
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tꜣy
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nꜣy
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| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
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p-n, pꜣ
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t-nt, tꜣ
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nꜣyw, nꜣ
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| definite articles
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pꜣ
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tꜣ
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nꜣ2
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| indefinite articles
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wꜥ2
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nhꜣy2
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1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
References
- “ꜥn (lemma ID 38050)”, “ꜥn (lemma ID 38020)”, “ꜥn (lemma ID 38080)”, and “ꜥn (lemma ID 38000)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 187.11, 187.13–187.14, 189.8–189.16, 190.7
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 43
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 68–69