pwy

Egyptian

Etymology

Derived from pw.

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /puːiː/
- Conventional anglicization: puy

Determiner

m sg copular/vocative demonstrative determiner

(Middle Egyptian) this is…
(Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)

Usage notes

This demonstrative was always a determiner and could not stand alone as a pronoun. It follows the noun it describes.

Inflection

Old Egyptian demonstratives
	determiners						pronouns¹	adverbs
	singular		dual		plural		unmarked
	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal to speaker	pn	tn	*jpnj	jptnj, jptntj	jpn	jptn	nn	—
distal	pf	tf	*jpfj	jptfj, jptftj	jpf	jptf	nf	—
proximal to spoken of	pj, pw, p	tj, tw	jpwj	jptwj, jptwtj	jpw	jptw, jptwt	nw	—
vocative	pꜣ	tꜣ	—	—	—	—	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ

¹ Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.

Middle Egyptian demonstratives
	determiners and pronouns			adverbs
	singular		plural¹
	masculine	feminine	plural¹
proximal	pn	tn	nn	ꜥn
distal	pf, pfꜣ	tf, tfꜣ	nf, nfꜣ	ꜥf
‘copula’ and vocative	pw, pwy	tw, twy	nw	—
anaphoric	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ

¹ Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.

Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
	masculine	feminine	plural	adverb
pronoun	pꜣw			dj
determiners and pronouns	pꜣj	tꜣj	nꜣj
possessive determiners¹	pꜣy	tꜣy	nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)	p-n, pꜣ	t-nt, tꜣ	nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ²
indefinite articles	wꜥ²		nhꜣy²

¹ Used with suffix pronouns.
² Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pwy

pwy

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55.
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh pui, from Proto-Brythonic *puɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei, (compare Breton piv, Cornish piw, Old Irish cía), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.

Pronunciation

(North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /puːɨ̯/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /pʊ/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /pʊi̯/
Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯

Pronoun

pwy m

(interrogative) who
Pwy yw e? ― Who is he?

Derived terms

pwy bynnag (“whoever”)
ta pwy (“whoever”)

Determiner

pwy

(South Wales) (colloquial) which
Synonym: pa

Pwy un yw e? ― Which one is he/it?
(South Wales) (colloquial) a certain, the other
Synonym: pa

Weles i fe pwy ddiwrnod. ― I saw him/it the other day.

Related terms

neb (“no one”)
pawb (“everyone”)
rhywun (“someone”)
unrhyw un (“anyone”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *pwy*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pwy	bwy	mhwy	phwy

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.