그
| ||||||||||
| 그극귺귻근귽귾 귿글긁긂긃긄긅 긆긇금급긊긋긌 긍긎긏긐긑긒긓 | |
| 규 ← | → 긔 |
|---|---|
Jeju
Pronunciation
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geu |
| Yale Romanization? | ku |
Determiner
그 (geu)
- (demonstrative) that
Usage notes
그 (geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and 저 (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 그 (Yale: kù).
The 3rd-person pronoun sense is widely believed to be introduced together with 그녀 (geunyeo) by Kim Dong-in in the early 20th century,[1] probably calque of Japanese 彼 (kare), which became a personal pronoun in addition to a demonstrative pronoun due to the influence of European languages. However, the demonstratives 이〮 (í), 그 (ku), and 뎌〮 (tyé) were all used occasionally in Middle Korean as 3rd person pronouns as well.[2]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯ]
Audio: (file)
- Phonetic hangul: [그]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geu |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geu |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŭ |
| Yale Romanization? | ku |
Determiner
| Yin-form | 그 (geu) |
|---|---|
| Yang-form | 고 (go) |
그 • (geu)
- (demonstrative) that (of what has been already said or known)
- 그 남자는 일본인입니까 아니면 중국인입니까? ― 그는 중국인입니다.
- geu namjaneun ilboninimnikka animyeon jungguginimnikka? ― geuneun jungguginimnida.
- Is that man Japanese or Chinese? ― He is Chinese.
- 근데 방금 그 여자 누구에요?
- geunde banggeum geu yeoja nugueyo?
- By the way, who is that girl?
- 그 사람들은 가족입니다. ― Geu saramdeureun gajogimnida. ― Those people are family.
Usage notes
(geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and 저 (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener
Derived terms
See also
Pronoun
그 • (geu)
- (literary) he, she
- 그는 아무런 말도 없이 가버렸다.
- geuneun amureon maldo eopsi gabeoryeotda.
- He/She left without saying anything.
Usage notes
그녀 (geunyeo, “she”) is an explicitly feminine third-person pronoun.
그 is never used as a pronoun in colloquial Korean. See 걔 (gyae, “he; she”) for the colloquial pronoun.
Synonyms
- (demonstrative, that): 저 (jeo)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “demonstrative, this”): 이 (i)
Derived terms
See also
| Determiner | 이 (i) | 그 (geu) | 저 (jeo) | 어느 (eoneu) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronoun | Human | 이이 (ii) | 그이 (geu'i) | 저이 (jeoi) | 뉘 (nwi) |
| 이분 (ibun) | 그분 (geubun) | 저분 (jeobun) | 어느 분 (eoneu bun) | ||
| 이자 (ija) | 그자 (geuja) | 저자 (jeoja) | |||
| 얘 (yae) | 걔 (gyae) | 쟤 (jae) | |||
| Object | 이 (i) | (그 (geu))1 | (저 (jeo))1 | ||
| 이것 (igeot) | 그것 (geugeot) | 저것 (jeogeot) | 어느 것 (eoneu geot) | ||
| 이거 (igeo) | 그거 (geugeo) | 저거 (jeogeo) | 어느 거 (eoneu geo) | ||
| Place | 여기 (yeogi) | 거기 (geogi) | 저기 (jeogi) | 어디 (eodi) | |
| 이곳 (igot) | 그곳 (geugot) | 저곳 (jeogot) | 어느 곳 (eoneu got) | ||
| Direction | 이쪽 (ijjok) | 그쪽 (geujjok) | 저쪽 (jeojjok) | 어느 쪽 (eoneu jjok) | |
| Time | 이때 (ittae) | 그때 (geuttae) | 접때 (jeopttae) | 언제 (eonje) | |
| Verb | 이러다 (ireoda) | 그러다 (geureoda) | 저러다 (jeoreoda) | 어쩌다 (eojjeoda) | |
| 이리하다 (irihada) | 그리하다 (geurihada) | 저리하다 (jeorihada) | 어찌하다 (eojjihada) | ||
| Adjective | 이렇다 (ireota) | 그렇다 (geureota) | 저렇다 (jeoreota) | 어떻다 (eotteota) | |
| 이러하다 (ireohada) | 그러하다 (geureohada) | 저러하다 (jeoreohada) | 어떠하다 (eotteohada) | ||
| Adverb | 이리 (iri) | 그리 (geuri) | 저리 (jeori) | 어찌 (eojji) | |
| 이렇게 (ireoke) | 그렇게 (geureoke) | 저렇게 (jeoreoke) | 어떻게 (eotteoke) | ||
| 이만큼 (imankeum) | 그만큼 (geumankeum) | 저만큼 (jeomankeum) | 얼마만큼 (eolmamankeum) (얼마큼 (eolmakeum)) | ||
1 Not common.