Iulius

See also: iulius

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Possibly a contraction of the Old Latin personal name *Iovilios (“descended from or pertaining to Jove”); see Iovis, or from Ancient Greek ἴουλος (íoulos, “downy first beard hairs (of a young man)”). The month quīntīlis was renamed after Julius Caesar in 44 BC.

Pronunciation

Adjective

Iūlius (feminine Iūlia, neuter Iūlium); first/second-declension adjective

  1. Of the gens Julia, a patrician Roman family.
  2. Of July, the fifth month of the Roman calendar.
    Synonym: Quīntīlis

Usage notes

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative Iūlius Iūlia Iūlium Iūliī Iūliae Iūlia
genitive Iūliī Iūliae Iūliī Iūliōrum Iūliārum Iūliōrum
dative Iūliō Iūliae Iūliō Iūliīs
accusative Iūlium Iūliam Iūlium Iūliōs Iūliās Iūlia
ablative Iūliō Iūliā Iūliō Iūliīs
vocative Iūlie Iūlia Iūlium Iūliī Iūliae Iūlia

Proper noun

Iūlius m sg (genitive Iūliī or Iūlī); second declension

  1. Julius; a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name".
  2. July
    Synonyms: mēnsis Iūlius, Mēnsis Iūlius

Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.

singular
nominative Iūlius
genitive Iūliī
Iūlī1
dative Iūliō
accusative Iūlium
ablative Iūliō
vocative Iūlī

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

  • iūliensis

Descendants

From the personal name:

From the month name:

  • Franco-Provençal: j·ulyèt
  • Italo-Dalmatian
    • Italian: giuglio (obsolete, regional)
    • Neapolitan: iuglio, julo
  • Old French: juil, jule
    • Anglo-Norman: julie
      • → Middle English: julie, julye
        • English: July (see there for further descendants)
        • Scots: Julie
  • Old Occitan:
    • Occitan: julh
    • Old Catalan: juyl
      • ⇒ Old Catalan: juyol, jullol
        • Catalan: juliol (semi-learned)
  • West Iberian
    • Aragonese: chulio (probably semi-learned)
    • Extremaduran: júliu
    • Old Leonese:
      • Asturian: xuliu (probably semi-learned)
      • Mirandese: Júlio
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: julio, jullo
      • Galician: xullo
      • Portuguese: julho (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Spanish:
      • Ladino: djulio, djulyo
      • Spanish: julio (probably semi-learned)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lūlius (dissimilated)
  • → Ancient Greek: Ἰούλιος (Ioúlios)
Unsorted borrowings

These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.

See also

See also

References

  1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
  2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
  3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

Further reading

  • “Jūlĭus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “Iulius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • Iulius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Iulius in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.