Reconstruction:Ancient Greek/-ϳω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *-yō, from Proto-Indo-European *-yoh₂. Cognates include Proto-Germanic *-janą and Sanskrit -यति (-yati). See progressive aspect marker.
Suffix
*-ϳω • (*-jō)
- builds a verb stem either from a root or from a nominal. Both the reflex of ϳ and the thematicization, which together constitute this suffix, are omitted in the aorist and perfect stem
Inflection
When the stem ends in ε or σ, e.g. τέλος (télos) → τελέω (teléō):
Present: *-έω, *-έομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-έω | *-έεις | *-έει | *-έετον | *-έετον | *-έομεν | *-έετε | *-έουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-έω | *-έῃς | *-έῃ | *-έητον | *-έητον | *-έωμεν | *-έητε | *-έωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-έοιμῐ | *-έοις | *-έοι | *-έοιτον | *-εοίτην | *-έοιμεν | *-έοιτε | *-έοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-εε | *-εέτω | *-έετον | *-εέτων | *-έετε | *-εόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-έομαι | *-έῃ / *-έει | *-έεται | *-έεσθον | *-έεσθον | *-εόμεθᾰ | *-έεσθε | *-έονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-έωμαι | *-έῃ | *-έηται | *-έησθον | *-έησθον | *-εώμεθᾰ | *-έησθε | *-έωνται | |||||
| optative | *-εοίμην | *-έοιο | *-έοιτο | *-έοισθον | *-εοίσθην | *-εοίμεθᾰ | *-έοισθε | *-έοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-έου | *-εέσθω | *-έεσθον | *-εέσθων | *-έεσθε | *-εέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-έειν | *-έεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-έων | *-εόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-έουσᾰ | *-εομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-έον | *-εόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: *-ῶ, *-οῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ῶ | *-εῖς | *-εῖ | *-εῖτον | *-εῖτον | *-οῦμεν | *-εῖτε | *-οῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ῶ | *-ῇς | *-ῇ | *-ῆτον | *-ῆτον | *-ῶμεν | *-ῆτε | *-ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-οίην / *-οῖμῐ | *-οίης / *-οῖς | *-οίη / *-οῖ | *-οῖτον / *-οίητον | *-οίτην / *-οιήτην | *-οῖμεν / *-οίημεν | *-οῖτε / *-οίητε | *-οῖεν / *-οίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | *-ει | *-είτω | *-εῖτον | *-είτων | *-εῖτε | *-ούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-οῦμαι | *-εῖ, *-ῇ |
*-εῖται | *-εῖσθον | *-εῖσθον | *-ούμεθᾰ | *-εῖσθε | *-οῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ῶμαι | *-ῇ | *-ῆται | *-ῆσθον | *-ῆσθον | *-ώμεθᾰ | *-ῆσθε | *-ῶνται | |||||
| optative | *-οίμην | *-οῖο | *-οῖτο | *-οῖσθον | *-οίσθην | *-οίμεθᾰ | *-οῖσθε | *-οῖντο | |||||
| imperative | *-οῦ | *-είσθω | *-εῖσθον | *-είσθων | *-εῖσθε | *-είσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-εῖν | *-εῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ῶν | *-ούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-οῦσᾰ | *-ουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-οῦν | *-ούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-εον, *-εόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-εον | *-εες | *-εε(ν) | *-έετον | *-εέτην | *-έομεν | *-έετε | *-εον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-εόμην | *-έου | *-έετο | *-έεσθον | *-εέσθην | *-εόμεθᾰ | *-έεσθε | *-έοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-ουν, *-ούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ουν | *-εις | *-ει | *-εῖτον | *-είτην | *-οῦμεν | *-εῖτε | *-ουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ούμην | *-οῦ | *-εῖτο | *-εῖσθον | *-είσθην | *-ούμεθᾰ | *-εῖσθε | *-οῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in ο, e.g. ἄξιος (áxios) → ἀξιόω (axióō):
Present: *-ῶ, *-οῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ῶ | *-οῖς | *-οῖ | *-οῦτον | *-οῦτον | *-οῦμεν | *-οῦτε | *-οῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ῶ | *-οῖς | *-οῖ | *-ῶτον | *-ῶτον | *-ῶμεν | *-ῶτε | *-ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-οίην / *-οῖμῐ | *-οίης / *-οῖς | *-οίη / *-οῖ | *-οῖτον / *-οίητον | *-οίτην / *-οιήτην | *-οῖμεν / *-οίημεν | *-οῖτε / *-οίητε | *-οῖεν / *-οίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | *-ου | *-ούτω | *-οῦτον | *-ούτων | *-οῦτε | *-ούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-οῦμαι | *-οῖ | *-οῦται | *-οῦσθον | *-οῦσθον | *-ούμεθᾰ | *-οῦσθε | *-οῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ῶμαι | *-οῖ | *-ῶται | *-ῶσθον | *-ῶσθον | *-ώμεθᾰ | *-ῶσθε | *-ῶνται | |||||
| optative | *-οίμην | *-οῖο | *-οῖτο | *-οῖσθον | *-οίσθην | *-οίμεθᾰ | *-οῖσθε | *-οῖντο | |||||
| imperative | *-οῦ | *-ούσθω | *-οῦσθον | *-ούσθων | *-οῦσθε | *-ούσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-οῦν | *-οῦσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ῶν | *-ούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-οῦσᾰ | *-ουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-οῦν | *-ούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-ουν, *-ούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ουν | *-ους | *-ου | *-οῦτον | *-ούτην | *-οῦμεν | *-οῦτε | *-ουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ούμην | *-οῦ | *-οῦτο | *-οῦσθον | *-ούσθην | *-ούμεθᾰ | *-οῦσθε | *-οῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in a labial stop (β π φ), e.g. κρυφ- (kruph-) → κρύπτω (krúptō):
Present: *-πτω, *-πτομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-πτω | *-πτεις | *-πτει | *-πτετον | *-πτετον | *-πτομεν | *-πτετε | *-πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-πτω | *-πτῃς | *-πτῃ | *-πτητον | *-πτητον | *-πτωμεν | *-πτητε | *-πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-πτοιμῐ | *-πτοις | *-πτοι | *-πτοιτον | *-πτοίτην | *-πτοιμεν | *-πτοιτε | *-πτοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-πτε | *-πτέτω | *-πτετον | *-πτέτων | *-πτετε | *-πτόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-πτομαι | *-πτῃ / *-πτει | *-πτεται | *-πτεσθον | *-πτεσθον | *-πτόμεθᾰ | *-πτεσθε | *-πτονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-πτωμαι | *-πτῃ | *-πτηται | *-πτησθον | *-πτησθον | *-πτώμεθᾰ | *-πτησθε | *-πτωνται | |||||
| optative | *-πτοίμην | *-πτοιο | *-πτοιτο | *-πτοισθον | *-πτοίσθην | *-πτοίμεθᾰ | *-πτοισθε | *-πτοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-πτου | *-πτέσθω | *-πτεσθον | *-πτέσθων | *-πτεσθε | *-πτέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-πτειν | *-πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-πτων | *-πτόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-πτουσᾰ | *-πτομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-πτον | *-πτόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-πτον, *-πτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-πτον | *-πτες | *-πτε(ν) | *-πτετον | *-πτέτην | *-πτομεν | *-πτετε | *-πτον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-πτόμην | *-πτου | *-πτετο | *-πτεσθον | *-πτέσθην | *-πτόμεθᾰ | *-πτεσθε | *-πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in an unvoiced or aspirated velar or dental stop (κ χ τ θ), e.g. φύλαξ (phúlax) → φυλάσσω (phulássō), or sometimes when it ends in γ, e.g. ταγ- (tag-) → τάττω (táttō) and σφαγ- (sphag-) → σφάττω (spháttō), but note its variant σφάζω (spházō) (see below)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ττω | *-ττεις | *-ττει | *-ττετον | *-ττετον | *-ττομεν | *-ττετε | *-ττουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ττω | *-ττῃς | *-ττῃ | *-ττητον | *-ττητον | *-ττωμεν | *-ττητε | *-ττωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-ττοιμῐ | *-ττοις | *-ττοι | *-ττοιτον | *-ττοίτην | *-ττοιμεν | *-ττοιτε | *-ττοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-ττε | *-ττέτω | *-ττετον | *-ττέτων | *-ττετε | *-ττόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ττομαι | *-ττῃ / *-ττει | *-ττεται | *-ττεσθον | *-ττεσθον | *-ττόμεθᾰ | *-ττεσθε | *-ττονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ττωμαι | *-ττῃ | *-ττηται | *-ττησθον | *-ττησθον | *-ττώμεθᾰ | *-ττησθε | *-ττωνται | |||||
| optative | *-ττοίμην | *-ττοιο | *-ττοιτο | *-ττοισθον | *-ττοίσθην | *-ττοίμεθᾰ | *-ττοισθε | *-ττοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-ττου | *-ττέσθω | *-ττεσθον | *-ττέσθων | *-ττεσθε | *-ττέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-ττειν | *-ττεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ττων | *-ττόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-ττουσᾰ | *-ττομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-ττον | *-ττόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-σσω | *-σσεις | *-σσει | *-σσετον | *-σσετον | *-σσομεν | *-σσετε | *-σσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-σσω | *-σσῃς | *-σσῃ | *-σσητον | *-σσητον | *-σσωμεν | *-σσητε | *-σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-σσοιμῐ | *-σσοις | *-σσοι | *-σσοιτον | *-σσοίτην | *-σσοιμεν | *-σσοιτε | *-σσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-σσε | *-σσέτω | *-σσετον | *-σσέτων | *-σσετε | *-σσόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-σσομαι | *-σσῃ / *-σσει | *-σσεται | *-σσεσθον | *-σσεσθον | *-σσόμεθᾰ | *-σσεσθε | *-σσονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-σσωμαι | *-σσῃ | *-σσηται | *-σσησθον | *-σσησθον | *-σσώμεθᾰ | *-σσησθε | *-σσωνται | |||||
| optative | *-σσοίμην | *-σσοιο | *-σσοιτο | *-σσοισθον | *-σσοίσθην | *-σσοίμεθᾰ | *-σσοισθε | *-σσοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-σσου | *-σσέσθω | *-σσεσθον | *-σσέσθων | *-σσεσθε | *-σσέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-σσειν | *-σσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-σσων | *-σσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-σσουσᾰ | *-σσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-σσον | *-σσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ττον | *-ττες | *-ττε(ν) | *-ττετον | *-ττέτην | *-ττομεν | *-ττετε | *-ττον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ττόμην | *-ττου | *-ττετο | *-ττεσθον | *-ττέσθην | *-ττόμεθᾰ | *-ττεσθε | *-ττοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-σσον | *-σσες | *-σσε(ν) | *-σσετον | *-σσέτην | *-σσομεν | *-σσετε | *-σσον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-σσόμην | *-σσου | *-σσετο | *-σσεσθον | *-σσέσθην | *-σσόμεθᾰ | *-σσεσθε | *-σσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in the voiced velar or dental stop (γ δ), e.g. ἐλπίς (elpís) → ἐλπίζω (elpízō):
Present: *-ζω, *-ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ζω | *-ζεις | *-ζει | *-ζετον | *-ζετον | *-ζομεν | *-ζετε | *-ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ζω | *-ζῃς | *-ζῃ | *-ζητον | *-ζητον | *-ζωμεν | *-ζητε | *-ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-ζοιμῐ | *-ζοις | *-ζοι | *-ζοιτον | *-ζοίτην | *-ζοιμεν | *-ζοιτε | *-ζοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-ζε | *-ζέτω | *-ζετον | *-ζέτων | *-ζετε | *-ζόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ζομαι | *-ζῃ / *-ζει | *-ζεται | *-ζεσθον | *-ζεσθον | *-ζόμεθᾰ | *-ζεσθε | *-ζονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ζωμαι | *-ζῃ | *-ζηται | *-ζησθον | *-ζησθον | *-ζώμεθᾰ | *-ζησθε | *-ζωνται | |||||
| optative | *-ζοίμην | *-ζοιο | *-ζοιτο | *-ζοισθον | *-ζοίσθην | *-ζοίμεθᾰ | *-ζοισθε | *-ζοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-ζου | *-ζέσθω | *-ζεσθον | *-ζέσθων | *-ζεσθε | *-ζέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-ζειν | *-ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ζων | *-ζόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-ζουσᾰ | *-ζομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-ζον | *-ζόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-ζον, *-ζόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ζον | *-ζες | *-ζε(ν) | *-ζετον | *-ζέτην | *-ζομεν | *-ζετε | *-ζον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ζόμην | *-ζου | *-ζετο | *-ζεσθον | *-ζέσθην | *-ζόμεθᾰ | *-ζεσθε | *-ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in λ:
Present: *-λλω, *-λλομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-λλω | *-λλεις | *-λλει | *-λλετον | *-λλετον | *-λλομεν | *-λλετε | *-λλουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-λλω | *-λλῃς | *-λλῃ | *-λλητον | *-λλητον | *-λλωμεν | *-λλητε | *-λλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-λλοιμῐ | *-λλοις | *-λλοι | *-λλοιτον | *-λλοίτην | *-λλοιμεν | *-λλοιτε | *-λλοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-λλε | *-λλέτω | *-λλετον | *-λλέτων | *-λλετε | *-λλόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-λλομαι | *-λλῃ / *-λλει | *-λλεται | *-λλεσθον | *-λλεσθον | *-λλόμεθᾰ | *-λλεσθε | *-λλονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-λλωμαι | *-λλῃ | *-λληται | *-λλησθον | *-λλησθον | *-λλώμεθᾰ | *-λλησθε | *-λλωνται | |||||
| optative | *-λλοίμην | *-λλοιο | *-λλοιτο | *-λλοισθον | *-λλοίσθην | *-λλοίμεθᾰ | *-λλοισθε | *-λλοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-λλου | *-λλέσθω | *-λλεσθον | *-λλέσθων | *-λλεσθε | *-λλέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-λλειν | *-λλεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-λλων | *-λλόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-λλουσᾰ | *-λλομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-λλον | *-λλόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-λλον, *-λλόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-λλον | *-λλες | *-λλε(ν) | *-λλετον | *-λλέτην | *-λλομεν | *-λλετε | *-λλον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-λλόμην | *-λλου | *-λλετο | *-λλεσθον | *-λλέσθην | *-λλόμεθᾰ | *-λλεσθε | *-λλοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
When the stem ends in μ ν ρ, ϳ surfaces as ι in front of the consonant (metathesis), e.g. μέλᾱς (mélās, stem: μελᾰν-) → μελαίνω (melaínō):
Present: *-ίCω, *-ίCομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ίCω | *-ίCεις | *-ίCει | *-ίCετον | *-ίCετον | *-ίCομεν | *-ίCετε | *-ίCουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ίCω | *-ίCῃς | *-ίCῃ | *-ίCητον | *-ίCητον | *-ίCωμεν | *-ίCητε | *-ίCωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-ίCοιμῐ | *-ίCοις | *-ίCοι | *-ίCοιτον | *-ιCοίτην | *-ίCοιμεν | *-ίCοιτε | *-ίCοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-ιCε | *-ιCέτω | *-ίCετον | *-ιCέτων | *-ίCετε | *-ιCόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ίCομαι | *-ίCῃ / *-ίCει | *-ίCεται | *-ίCεσθον | *-ίCεσθον | *-ιCόμεθᾰ | *-ίCεσθε | *-ίCονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ίCωμαι | *-ίCῃ | *-ίCηται | *-ίCησθον | *-ίCησθον | *-ιCώμεθᾰ | *-ίCησθε | *-ίCωνται | |||||
| optative | *-ιCοίμην | *-ίCοιο | *-ίCοιτο | *-ίCοισθον | *-ιCοίσθην | *-ιCοίμεθᾰ | *-ίCοισθε | *-ίCοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-ίCου | *-ιCέσθω | *-ίCεσθον | *-ιCέσθων | *-ίCεσθε | *-ιCέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-ίCειν | *-ίCεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ίCων | *-ιCόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-ίCουσᾰ | *-ιCομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-ῖCον | *-ιCόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-ιCον, *-ιCόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ιCον | *-ιCες | *-ιCε(ν) | *-ίCετον | *-ιCέτην | *-ίCομεν | *-ίCετε | *-ιCον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ιCόμην | *-ίCου | *-ίCετο | *-ίCεσθον | *-ιCέσθην | *-ιCόμεθᾰ | *-ίCεσθε | *-ίCοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
The same happens when the stem historically ends in digamma (ϝ), however, since ϝ is lost, only ι remains, e.g. κλαϝ- (klaw-) → κλαίω (klaíō)
Present: *-ίω, *-ίομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ίω | *-ίεις | *-ίει | *-ίετον | *-ίετον | *-ίομεν | *-ίετε | *-ίουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ίω | *-ίῃς | *-ίῃ | *-ίητον | *-ίητον | *-ίωμεν | *-ίητε | *-ίωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | *-ίοιμῐ | *-ίοις | *-ίοι | *-ίοιτον | *-ιοίτην | *-ίοιμεν | *-ίοιτε | *-ίοιεν | |||||
| imperative | *-ιε | *-ιέτω | *-ίετον | *-ιέτων | *-ίετε | *-ιόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ίομαι | *-ίῃ / *-ίει | *-ίεται | *-ίεσθον | *-ίεσθον | *-ιόμεθᾰ | *-ίεσθε | *-ίονται | ||||
| subjunctive | *-ίωμαι | *-ίῃ | *-ίηται | *-ίησθον | *-ίησθον | *-ιώμεθᾰ | *-ίησθε | *-ίωνται | |||||
| optative | *-ιοίμην | *-ίοιο | *-ίοιτο | *-ίοισθον | *-ιοίσθην | *-ιοίμεθᾰ | *-ίοισθε | *-ίοιντο | |||||
| imperative | *-ίου | *-ιέσθω | *-ίεσθον | *-ιέσθων | *-ίεσθε | *-ιέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | *-ίειν | *-ίεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | *-ίων | *-ιόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | *-ίουσᾰ | *-ιομένη | |||||||||||
| n | *-ῖον | *-ιόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: *-ιον, *-ιόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | *-ιον | *-ιες | *-ιε(ν) | *-ίετον | *-ιέτην | *-ίομεν | *-ίετε | *-ιον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | *-ιόμην | *-ίου | *-ίετο | *-ίεσθον | *-ιέσθην | *-ιόμεθᾰ | *-ίεσθε | *-ίοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||