Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéws, reformed as a thematic (a-stem) noun.^[1] See the West Germanic descendant *aiw for more on the "law" sense.^[2]

Noun

*aiwaz m^[1]

long time, age, eternity
law^[2]

Inflection

Declension of *aiwaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aiwaz	aiwōz, aiwōs
vocative	*aiw	aiwōz, aiwōs
accusative	*aiwą	*aiwanz
genitive	aiwas, aiwis	*aiwǫ̂
dative	*aiwai	*aiwamaz
instrumental	*aiwō	*aiwamiz

Alternative forms

*aiwō

Related terms

*aiwą
*aiwį̄
*aiwiz
*aiwǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *aiw, *aiwu f
- ⇒ Old English: āwa, ā (adverb)
  - Middle English: ō, ā
- Old Frisian: ēwa; ēwe, ē
  - West Frisian: iuw
  - ⇒ Old Frisian: ā (adverb)
- Old Saxon: ēo, io, ēu, ē (also adverb)
  - Middle Low German: ê, ee, eje, ewe
    - German Low German: Ehe
- Old Dutch: ēwa
  - Middle Dutch: êwe, êeu
    - Dutch: eeuw
      - Afrikaans: eeu
    - Limburgish: ieuw
  - ⇒ Old Dutch: io (adverb)
    - Middle Dutch: ie
- Old High German: ēwa, ēuua, aeuua, ēo, ēa
  - Middle High German: ēwe, ē
    - Alemannic German: Ee, E-e
    - German: Ehe
  - ⇒ Old High German: io (adverb)
    - Middle High German: ie
      - German: je
Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛉ (*aiwaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*aiwalaibaʀ)
- Old Norse: æ, ei, ey
  - Icelandic: æ
  - Old Swedish: ē, ǣ
    - Swedish: ä, e, e-
  - Old Danish: e, æ
    - Danish: i, i- (archaic)
  - → Middle English: aye, ai, agg
    - English: aye
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (aiws); 𐌰𐌹𐍅 (aiw)
→? Proto-Finnic: *aika (“time”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwa/ō- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwa/ō- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[EDPG1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwa/ō- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[EDPG2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiwa/ō- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16

[1]

[2]