Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrógʰ-e-ti, traditionally derived from *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”) (though Kroonen is skeptical and leaves the origin open).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdrɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*draganą^[1]^[2]^[3]

to draw, to pull, to carry

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*dragō	*dragaų	—	*dragai	?
2nd singular	*dragizi	*dragaiz	*drag	*dragazai	*dragaizau
3rd singular	*dragidi	*dragai	*dragadau	*dragadai	*dragaidau
1st dual	*dragōz	*dragaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dragadiz	*dragaidiz	*dragadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dragamaz	*dragaim	—	*dragandai	*dragaindau
2nd plural	*dragid	*dragaid	*dragid	*dragandai	*dragaindau
3rd plural	*dragandi	*dragain	*dragandau	*dragandai	*dragaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drōg	*drōgį̄
2nd singular	*drōht	*drōgīz
3rd singular	*drōg	*drōgī
1st dual	*drōgū	*drōgīw
2nd dual	*drōgudiz	*drōgīdiz
1st plural	*drōgum	*drōgīm
2nd plural	*drōgud	*drōgīd
3rd plural	*drōgun	*drōgīn

	present	past
participles	*dragandz	*draganaz

Synonyms

*teuhaną

Derived terms

Related terms

*draggōną
*druggōną
*drugô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *dragan
- Old English: dragan
  - Middle English: dragen, draȝen, drawen, drauen, drayen
    - English: draw
    - Scots: draw
- Old Frisian: draga, drega
  - North Frisian:
    - Föhr-Amrum: dreeg
    - Mooring: dreege
  - Saterland Frisian: drege, dreege
  - West Frisian: drage
- Old Saxon: dragan
  - Middle Low German: dragen, dregen
    - Low German: dregen, dragen
- Old Dutch: dragan
  - Middle Dutch: drāgen
    - Dutch: dragen
    - Limburgish: drage
    - Zealandic: draege
- Old High German: tragan
  - Middle High German: tragen
    - Alemannic German: trage, traga, traa
    - Bavarian: drong, drång
    - Central Franconian: drage, draan, droon
      - Luxembourgish: droen
    - German: tragen
    - Yiddish: טראָגן (trogn)
Old Norse: draga, dræga — Trønder dialect of Old Norwegian
- Icelandic: draga
- Faroese: draga
- Norn: draga
- Norwegian Nynorsk: draga, dra; (dialectal) drågå, draga, drøgø
- Elfdalian: drågå
- Old Swedish: dragha
  - Swedish: draga, dra
  - → Finnish: raahata
- Scanian: drağa
- Danish: drage; (Norway) dra
  - Norwegian Bokmål: drage, dra
- Gutnish: dräge, dräg', dräga, draga, dra
- → Middle English: dragen, draggen
  - Scots: dreg
  - English: drag
Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (dragan)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dragan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đraʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “DRAG-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 146

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*dragan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*đraʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “DRAG-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 146

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