Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haitaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived, per Pokorny, from a Proto-Indo-European *key-d-, a dental extension of a root Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to move, to impel”), and compared with Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “to set in motion, to arouse”), Latin cieō (“to set in motion, to summon”), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, “to come forth, to fall down”), Albanian qoj (“to wake up”).[1] The original notion was, under this theory, something like "to summon", i.e. "to order someone to come" (cf. the parallel usage of English cite (“to summon (someone)”), from the cognate Latin root).

The above theory is implicitly rejected by modern scholars (and the root listed above deprecated, with its descendants being split into various unrelated roots), including Kroonen, who instead tentatively derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱeyd- (“to call”), and adduces cognates in Iranian, including Sogdian [script needed] (sēδ-, “to call”) and Ossetian сидын (sidyn), седун (sedun, “idem”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*haitaną

  1. to address, call, summon
  2. to name
    1. (passive voice) to be called
  3. to promise

Conjugation

Conjugation of (strong class 7a)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *haitō *haitaų — *haitai ?
2nd singular *haitizi *haitaiz *hait *haitazai *haitaizau
3rd singular *haitidi *haitai *haitadau *haitadai *haitaidau
1st dual *haitōz *haitaiw — — —
2nd dual *haitadiz *haitaidiz *haitadiz — —
1st plural *haitamaz *haitaim — *haitandai *haitaindau
2nd plural *haitid *haitaid *haitid *haitandai *haitaindau
3rd plural *haitandi *haitain *haitandau *haitandai *haitaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hehait *hehaitį̄
2nd singular *hehaist *hehaitīz
3rd singular *hehait *hehaitī
1st dual *hehaitū *hehaitīw
2nd dual *hehaitudiz *hehaitīdiz
1st plural *hehaitum *hehaitīm
2nd plural *hehaitud *hehaitīd
3rd plural *hehaitun *hehaitīn
present past
participles *haitandz *haitanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kēi-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 538-9
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haitan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
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