Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kussaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kw(e)s- (“to kiss”), which appears to be onomatopoeic. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (ku̯aššzi ~ ku̯aššanzi, “idem”), Ancient Greek κυνέω (kunéō, “idem”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkus.sɑz/

Noun

*kussaz m

  1. kiss

Inflection

Declension of *kussaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *kussaz *kussōz, *kussōs
vocative *kuss *kussōz, *kussōs
accusative *kussą *kussanz
genitive *kussas, *kussis *kussǫ̂
dative *kussai *kussamaz
instrumental *kussō *kussamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Most modern descendants have reanalysed this word based on the verb, and therefore show a front vowel. Those with a back vowel are more conservative.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *koss
    • Old English: coss, cos, *cus
      • Middle English: cos, cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse
        • English: kiss
        • Scots: kis
        • Yola: kesse
    • Old Frisian: koss, kos
    • Old Saxon: kus, kuss, koss, kos
    • Old Dutch: *cus, *cos
    • Old High German: kus, kos
  • Old Norse: koss
    • Icelandic: koss
    • Faroese: kossur
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kyss; (dialectal) kjøss, kjuss
    • Old Swedish: kus, kos
    • Old Danish:

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kussjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313: “*kussa-”
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