kos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kos"

Translingual

Symbol

kos

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kosraean.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Kosraean terms

English

Noun

kos (plural koses or kos)

  1. Alternative spelling of coss.

Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kos/ [kɔs]
  • Hyphenation: kos

Noun

kos m 

  1. limp, lameness

References

  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔs/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

kos (plural kosse, diminutive kossie)

  1. food

Usage notes

The diminutive singular is rarely used, while the diminutive plural, kossies, is more commonly found in language used for infants and small children.

Derived terms

Albanian

Etymology

From a South Slavic language, compare Old Church Slavonic квасъ (kvasŭ, “sour dough, sour drink”), archaic Serbo-Croatian квас (“yeast”), Slovene kvas (“yeast”). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kvasъ (“leaven, fermented drink”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔs/

Noun

kos m (plural kosë, definite kosi, definite plural kosët)

  1. yogurt

Declension

Declension of kos
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kos kosi kosë kosët
accusative kosin
dative kosi kosit kosëve kosëve
ablative kosësh

Derived terms

  • kosaxhi

References

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kos”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 192

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkos]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Homophone: koz

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kos, from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Noun

kos m anim (relational adjective kosí, diminutive kosík)

  1. blackbird
Declension
Declension of kos (hard masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative kos kosi, kosové
genitive kosa kosů
dative kosovi, kosu kosům
accusative kosa kosy
vocative kose kosi, kosové
locative kosovi, kosu kosech
instrumental kosem kosy
Derived terms
adjectives
nouns

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kos f

  1. genitive plural of kosa

Verb

kos

  1. second-person singular imperative of kosit

Further reading

Anagrams

Danish

Noun

kos c

  1. indefinite genitive singular of ko

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔs/
  • Hyphenation: kos
  • Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

kos m (plural kossen, diminutive kosje n)

  1. dialectal form of kus (“kiss”)

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkoːs/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

kos

  1. singular imperative of kosen

Hausa

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kôs/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [kʷâs]

Noun

kôs m

  1. trump card

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare Turkish koç.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkoʃ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: kos
  • Rhymes: -oʃ

Noun

kos (plural kosok)

  1. ram, tup (a male sheep)
    Hypernym: (sheep) juh
    Hyponym: (a castrated ram) ürü
    aranygyapjas kos ― golden-fleeced ram (from Greek mythology)
  2. tup (the head of a hammer, and particularly of a steam-driven hammer)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative kos kosok
accusative kost kosokat
dative kosnak kosoknak
instrumental kossal kosokkal
causal-final kosért kosokért
translative kossá kosokká
terminative kosig kosokig
essive-formal kosként kosokként
essive-modal — —
inessive kosban kosokban
superessive koson kosokon
adessive kosnál kosoknál
illative kosba kosokba
sublative kosra kosokra
allative koshoz kosokhoz
elative kosból kosokból
delative kosról kosokról
ablative kostól kosoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		kosé kosoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		koséi kosokéi
Possessive forms of kos
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. kosom kosaim
2nd person sing. kosod kosaid
3rd person sing. kosa kosai
1st person plural kosunk kosaink
2nd person plural kosotok kosaitok
3rd person plural kosuk kosaik

References

  1. ^ kos in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • kos in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Anagrams

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”). Compare to Malay kos (“cost”).

Pronunciation

Noun

kos (plural kos-kos)

  1. (colloquial) lodging
    Synonyms: indekosan, kosan, kos-kosan

Verb

kos

  1. (colloquial) to rent a place to live or lodge
    Synonyms: berindekos, berkos, indekos, mengekos

Derived terms

  • berkos
  • kos-kosan
  • kosan
  • mengekos

Further reading

Lower Sorbian

Noun

kos m anim

  1. superseded spelling of kós

Declension

Declension of kos
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative kos kosa kose
Genitive kosa kosowu kosow
Dative kosoju kosoma kosam
Accusative kosa kosowu kose, kosow
Instrumental kosom kosoma kosami
Locative kosu kosoma kosach

Malay

Etymology

From Dutch kost, from Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost, from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“I stand firm (at a price)”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kos]
  • Hyphenation: kos
  • Rhymes: -os

Noun

kos (Jawi spelling کوس, plural kos-kos)

  1. cost

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • berkos [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

  • pengekosan

References

  • “kos” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 1159.
  • “kos” in Kamus Bahasa Melayu Nusantara Edisi Kedua (‘Nusantara Malay Language Dictionary Second Edition’), Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, 2011, →ISBN, page 1421.

Further reading

Middle High German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈkoːs̠/

Verb

kōs

  1. first/third-person singular past indicative of kiesen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen) (uncountable)

  1. cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)

Etymology 2

Noun

kos m

  1. hug, cuddle

Etymology 3

Verb

kos

  1. imperative of kose

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the verb kose.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kuːs/

Noun

kos m (definite singular kosen, uncountable)

  1. cosiness (UK) or coziness (US)
Derived terms

Adjective

kos

  1. cozy

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

  • kòs

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /koːs/

Noun

kos f (definite singular kosa, indefinite plural kaser, definite plural kasene)

  1. a heap, a pile

References

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Spanish cosa and Portuguese coisa and Kabuverdianu kuza.

Noun

kos

  1. thing

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɔs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔs
  • Syllabification: kos
  • Homophone: Kos

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Noun

kos m animal

  1. blackbird, common blackbird, merle (Turdus merula)
    Synonym: kos zwyczajny
Declension
Declension of kos
singular plural
nominative kos kosy
genitive kosa kosów
dative kosowi kosom
accusative kosa kosy
instrumental kosem kosami
locative kosie kosach
vocative kosie kosy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kos f

  1. genitive plural of kosa

Further reading

  • kos in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • kos in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kôːs/

Adjective

kȏs (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с, definite kȏsī)

  1. slant, inclined, skew
  2. (grammar) oblique (of a case)
Declension
indefinite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kos kosa koso
genitive kosa kose kosa
dative kosu kosoj kosu
accusative inanimate
animate 		kos
kosa 		kosu koso
vocative kos kosa koso
locative kosu kosoj kosu
instrumental kosim kosom kosim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kosi kose kosa
genitive kosih kosih kosih
dative kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)
accusative kose kose kosa
vocative kosi kose kosa
locative kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)
instrumental kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)
definite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kosi kosa koso
genitive kosog(a) kose kosog(a)
dative kosom(u/e) kosoj kosom(u/e)
accusative inanimate
animate 		kosi
kosog(a) 		kosu koso
vocative kosi kosa koso
locative kosom(e/u) kosoj kosom(e/u)
instrumental kosim kosom kosim
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kosi kose kosa
genitive kosih kosih kosih
dative kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)
accusative kose kose kosa
vocative kosi kose kosa
locative kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)
instrumental kosim(a) kosim(a) kosim(a)

Further reading

  • “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kôːs/

Noun

kȏs m anim (Cyrillic spelling ко̑с)

  1. blackbird
Declension
Declension of kos
singular plural
nominative kȏs kósovi
genitive kosa kosova
dative kosu kosovima
accusative kosa kosove
vocative kose kosovi
locative kosu kosovima
instrumental kosom kosovima

Further reading

  • “kos”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kóːs/

Adjective

kọ̑s

  1. (archaic) slanted, inclined, skewed
Declension
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hard
masculine feminine neuter
nom. sing. kós kósa kóso
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative kós ind
kósi def 		kósa kóso
genitive kósega kóse kósega
dative kósemu kósi kósemu
accusative nominativeinan or
genitiveanim 		kóso kóso
locative kósem kósi kósem
instrumental kósim kóso kósim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative kósa kósi kósi
genitive kósih kósih kósih
dative kósima kósima kósima
accusative kósa kósi kósi
locative kósih kósih kósih
instrumental kósima kósima kósima
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative kósi kóse kósa
genitive kósih kósih kósih
dative kósim kósim kósim
accusative kóse kóse kósa
locative kósih kósih kósih
instrumental kósimi kósimi kósimi

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kóːs/

Noun

kọ̑s m inan

  1. piece
Declension
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. kós
gen. sing. kósa
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		kós kósa kósi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		kósa kósov kósov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		kósu kósoma kósom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		kós kósa kóse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		kósu kósih kósih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		kósom kósoma kósi

Etymology 3

From Proto-Slavic *kosъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kóːs/

Noun

kọ̑s m anim

  1. blackbird
Declension
The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing. kós
gen. sing. kósa
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		kós kósa kósi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		kósa kósov kósov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		kósu kósoma kósom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		kósa kósa kóse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		kósu kósih kósih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		kósom kósoma kósi

Further reading

  • “kos”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “kos”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish

Etymology

Doublet of kurs.

Noun

kos c

  1. (in some expressions) course (often away)
    Tjuven flydde sin kos
    The thief fled his course (fled)
    Fågeln flög sin kos
    The bird flew its course (flew away)
    att styra sin kos någonstans
    to head towards some place [steer one's course somewhere]

See also

Noun

kos

  1. indefinite genitive singular of ko

References

Anagrams

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English cost.

Noun

kos

  1. cost

Etymology 2

From English cause.

Noun

kos

  1. cause
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