kost

kost m (plural kostys or kostow)

1. cost, charge, expense

• heb kost (“free of charge”)
• kostow arghantti (“bank charges”)
• kostow mentons (“maintenance charges”)
• kusulyades kost (“(female) quantity surveyor”)
• kusulyas kost (“(male) quantity surveyor”)

kost m (plural kostys)

1. coast, district, region

Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkost]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -ost

kost f (relational adjective kostní, diminutive kůstka)

1. bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
2. (colloquial) girl, woman

• “kost”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kost”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kost”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰʌsd̥]

kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)

1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
2. diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
3. board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (“tassel”), and Dutch kwast.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰɔsd̥]

kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)

1. broom, besom
2. brush

• → Icelandic: kústur

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/
• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -ɔst

From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)

1. cost, price
2. (in the plural) expenses
3. (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
4. food, nourishment

• Afrikaans: kos (“food”)
• Negerhollands: kost
• → Indonesian: kos (“lodgings”)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kost

1. inflection of kosten:
   1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

• kots
• stok

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoːst/

• Audio:

  (file)

kost

1. inflection of kosen:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person plural present subjunctive
   3. plural imperative

kos +‎ -t

• IPA^(key): [ˈkoʃt]
• Hyphenation: kost
• Rhymes: -oʃt

kost

1. accusative singular of kos

kost

1. indefinite accusative singular of kostur

From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kand-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuɔ̯̂st]

• Audio:

  (file)

kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)

1. to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)

   kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread

   kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth

   kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth

   desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other

   Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer

   smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut

2. to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)

   kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple

   Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite

3. to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)

   Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it

   kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth

4. (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite

   viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning

5. to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)

   čūska kož ― the snake bites

   svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite

   vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep

   kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)

   odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite

   mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy

   visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh

6. (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain

   vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)

7. (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort

   visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all

8. (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)

   salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers

   saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass

9. (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly

   rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it

   laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword

10. to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)

    sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue

    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat

    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes

    laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp

    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles

    rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin

11. (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)

    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes

    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes

12. (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well

    zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well

    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)

13. to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)

    kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip

    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white

14. to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)

    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• kodiens
• kodīgs
• kodināt
• kodums
• kosties

• kodīt
• košļāt

From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.

kost f

1. dish (specific type of food)

• “kost” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)

1. a broom or brush

• barberkost
• sminkekost

• koste

From Old Norse kostr.

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

• kostfiber
• kosthold
• kosttilskudd

• kosa, koset (of kose)

kost

1. past participle of kose
2. imperative of koste

• “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /kʊst/

kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)

1. a broom or brush

• barberkost
• sminkekost

From Old Norse kostr.

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
2. board

   kost og losji - board and lodging

• IPA^(key): /kuːst/

kost

1. past participle of kosa

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

kost

1. imperative of kosta

• IPA^(key): /kʊst/

kost

1. imperative of kosta

• “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈkost/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈkost/

kost f

1. bone

• Czech: kost

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kost”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

• IPA^(key): /kôːst/

kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)

1. bone

• ključna kost

• “kost”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
• Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎^[2] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368

From Serbo-Croatian kost.

kost m

1. bone

• Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

From Proto-Slavic *kostь.

• IPA^(key): /kóːst/

kọ̑st f

1. bone

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing.	kóst
gen. sing.	kostí
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kóst	kostí	kostí
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kostí	kostí	kostí
dative (dajȃlnik)	kôsti	kostéma	kostém
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kóst	kostí	kostí
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kôsti	kostéh	kostéh
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kostjó	kostéma	kostmí

• “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “kost”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

• IPA^(key): /kɔst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔst

kost c

1. diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally)

   kost och logi

   food and accommodation

• diet (“diet, controlled food regime”)
• livsmedel (“foodstuff”)
• mat (“food”)

• kost in Svensk ordbok.

• toks