Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spreutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*sprūtaną

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sprewd-, but also possibly back-formed from the iterative, from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”), extended form *sprewd-.^[1] Related to Lithuanian sprausti (“to thrust”), Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spreutaną^[2]^[3]

to sprout
to spring, come out

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*spreutō	*spreutaų	—	*spreutai	?
2nd singular	*spriutizi	*spreutaiz	*spreut	*spreutazai	*spreutaizau
3rd singular	*spriutidi	*spreutai	*spreutadau	*spreutadai	*spreutaidau
1st dual	*spreutōz	*spreutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spreutadiz	*spreutaidiz	*spreutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*spreutamaz	*spreutaim	—	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau
2nd plural	*spriutid	*spreutaid	*spriutid	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau
3rd plural	*spreutandi	*spreutain	*spreutandau	*spreutandai	*spreutaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spraut	*sprutį̄
2nd singular	*spraust	*sprutīz
3rd singular	*spraut	*sprutī
1st dual	*sprutū	*sprutīw
2nd dual	*sprutudiz	*sprutīdiz
1st plural	*sprutum	*sprutīm
2nd plural	*sprutud	*sprutīd
3rd plural	*sprutun	*sprutīn

	present	past
participles	*spreutandz	*sprutanaz

Related terms

*sprautô
*sprutô
*spruttōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *spreutan
- Old English: *sprēotan, sprūtan
  - Middle English: spruten, sprouten
    - English: sprout
    - Scots: sproot, spruit
  - ⇒ Old English: āsprēotan
  - ⇒ Old English: ġeondsprēot
- Old Frisian: sprūta
  - Saterland Frisian: sprute, spruutje
  - West Frisian: sprûte
- Old Saxon: *spriotan, *sprūtan
  - Middle Low German: sprêten, sprûten
    - German Low German: spruten
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: ūtsprūtan
    - Middle Low German: ûtsprûten
      - German Low German: utspruten
- Old Dutch: *sprūtan
  - Middle Dutch: spruten
    - Dutch: spruiten
      - Afrikaans: spruit
      - → Papiamentu: sprùit, spreit, spruit
- Old High German: *spriozan, *sprūzan
  - Middle High German: spriezen, sprūzen
    - German: sprießen
    - Luxembourgish: spréissen
Old Norse: *sprúta
- Norwegian Bokmål: sprute
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sprute, spruta
- Swedish: spruta
- Icelandic: sprauta, spretta

References

^ “sprout”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spreutan- ~ *sprūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spreutanan ~ *sprūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 366-367

[1] “sprout”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spreutan- ~ *sprūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*spreutanan ~ *sprūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 366-367

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