Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūmōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*tumōną, *tumbōną

Etymology

Unknown. Orel considers the word of onomatopoeic origin, similar to Romanian tumbă (“somersault”) and its Romance cognates.^[1] Etymologiebank, apparently citing LIV 149, says that it is possibly related to Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati, “to flee, run”), Ancient Greek θύω (thúō, “I rage, storm, rush in”), Latin furō (“I rage”), suggesting a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *dʰewH- (“shake, roar”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtuː.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tūmōną

to rotate; spin; revolve

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*tūmō	*tūmǭ	—	*tūmōi	?
2nd singular	*tūmōsi	*tūmōs	*tūmō	*tūmōsai	*tūmōsau
3rd singular	*tūmōþi	*tūmō	*tūmōþau	*tūmōþai	*tūmōþau
1st dual	*tūmōs	*tūmōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	*tūmōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tūmōmaz	*tūmōm	—	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
2nd plural	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōþ	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau
3rd plural	*tūmōnþi	*tūmōn	*tūmōnþau	*tūmōnþai	*tūmōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tūmōdǭ	*tūmōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*tūmōdēz	*tūmōdēdīz
3rd singular	*tūmōdē	*tūmōdēdī
1st dual	*tūmōdēdū	*tūmōdēdīw
2nd dual	*tūmōdēdudiz	*tūmōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*tūmōdēdum	*tūmōdēdīm
2nd plural	*tūmōdēdud	*tūmōdēdīd
3rd plural	*tūmōdēdun	*tūmōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*tūmōndz	*tūmōdaz

Derived terms

*tūmlōną

Descendants

Old English: tumbian
- Middle English: tumben, tomben, toumbe (conflated with Old French tumber)
  - English: tumb
  - ⇒ Middle English: tumblen
    - English: tumble
    - Scots: tummyll, tumbill, tummle
Old Frisian: *tumbia
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *tūmlia
  - Saterland Frisian: tuumelje
Old Saxon: *tūmōn
- ⇒ Old Saxon: *tūmilōn
  - Middle Low German: tumelen, tummelen
    - German Low German: dummeln
Old Dutch: *tūmon
- Middle Dutch: tumen
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: tumelen
    - Dutch: tuimelen
      - Afrikaans: tuimel
→? Vulgar Latin: *tumbāre (possibly also from Old Norse, or a native onomatopoeia)
- Eastern Romance:
  - Aromanian: tumbã
  - Romanian: tumbă
- Italian: tomare, *tombare
- Old French: tumber, tumer, tomber
  - Middle French: tomber, tumber
    - French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)
- Old Occitan:
  - Catalan: tombar
  - Occitan: tumber, tomber
- West Iberian:
  - Portuguese: tombar
  - Spanish: tumbar
>? Old High German: tūmōn
- Middle High German: tumen
- ⇒ Old High German: tūmalōn, tūmilōn, tumelen
  - Middle High German: tūmeln, tumeln
    - German: taumeln, tummeln
    - Luxembourgish: tommelen
Old Norse: tumba
- Icelandic: tumba

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tumƀōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 411-2
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “tuimelen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tumƀōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 411-2

[2] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “tuimelen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1]

[2]