Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *warduz (“a guard”) +‎ *-āną or *wardō (“protection”) +‎ *-āną, both ultimately from the same root.[1]

Verb

*wardāną

  1. to guard, protect, watch over

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wardō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *wardaisi ? *wardai *wardāsai ?
3rd singular *wardaiþi ? *wardāþau *wardāþai ?
1st dual *wardōs ? — — —
2nd dual *wardāþiz ? *wardāþiz — —
1st plural *wardāmaz ? — *wardānþai ?
2nd plural *wardaiþ ? *wardaiþ *wardānþai ?
3rd plural *wardānþi ? *wardānþau *wardānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wardadǭ *wardadēdį̄
2nd singular *wardadēz *wardadēdīz
3rd singular *wardadē *wardadēdī
1st dual *wardadēdū *wardadēdīw
2nd dual *wardadēdudiz *wardadēdīdiz
1st plural *wardadēdum *wardadēdīm
2nd plural *wardadēdud *wardadēdīd
3rd plural *wardadēdun *wardadēdīn
present past
participles *wardāndz *wardadaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wardēn
    • Old English: weardian
    • Old Saxon: wardon
    • Old Dutch: wardon
    • Old High German: wartēn
    • → Early Medieval Latin: wardō (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: varða
    • Icelandic: varða
    • Old Swedish: varþa, vārdha
  • → Proto-Finnic: *vartodak (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Samic: *vuortētēk (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*warđōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448
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