Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kakka-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Probably a Lallwort of imitative/expressive origin. Calvert Watkins claimed in particular: "imitative of glottal closure during defecation".

Root

*kakka-

  1. to defecate
    Synonym: *gʷewH-

Derived terms

Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kakka- not found
  • *kak(k)-eh₂-yé-ti
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā́ˀtei
      • East Baltic:
        • Latvian: kākāt, kakāt
        • Lithuanian: kakóti
      • Proto-Slavic: *kàkati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kakkajō
    • Proto-Italic: *kakāō
  • *kak(k)-eh₂
    • Albanian:
      • Albanian: kakë
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kākā
      • Latvian: kaka
      • Lithuanian: kaka
      • Proto-Slavic: *kàka (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kakkā
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kax
        • Middle Breton: cauch
          • Breton: kaoc'h
        • Cornish: kawgh
        • Welsh: cach
      • Old Irish: cacc, cac
        • Irish: cac (noun)
        • Manx: keck (noun)
        • Scottish Gaelic: cac (noun)
        • ⇒ Middle Irish: caccaid
          • Irish: cac (verb)
          • Manx: keck (verb)
          • Scottish Gaelic: cac (verb)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kakkā
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Iranian: *kakka
        • Pashto: ککه (kaká)
        • Old Mazanderani: ککا (kakā, “sheep's excrement”)
        • Classical Persian: ککه (kaka), ککی (kakê)
          Iranian Persian: ککه (kake) (in Isfahani dialect ککه (keke))
          • → Hijazi Arabic: ككة (kakka, “poo”)
    • Proto-Italic: *kakkā
      • Vulgar Latin: *cacca
  • Unsorted formations:

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κακκάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κακκάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
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