Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tḱey-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reanalysed root of *tḱéyti, from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).^[1]

Alternatively from *d (zero-grade of *ád) + *ḱey-.^[2]

Root

*tḱey- (imperfective)^[3]^[4]^[5]

to cultivate
to settle
to live

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tḱey- (26 c, 0 e)

*tḱéy-ti ~ *tḱi-énti (athematic root present)
*tḱḗy-s-t ~ *tḱéy-s-n̥t (*s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšáysat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṭṣáysat
    - Sanskrit: क्षेषत् (kṣéṣat, 3sg.aor.subj.)
- Proto-Italic: *sīzai
  - Latin: sīrīs (maybe, as it could also be a syncopated form of sīverīs)
*tḱéy-s-t ~ *tḱi-s-ént (secondary *s-aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔκτῐσᾰ (éktĭsă), ἔκτῐσσᾰ (éktĭssă)
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: κτίζω (ktízō)
      - ⇒ Ancient Greek: κτῐ́σῐς (ktĭ́sĭs)
*tḱi-né-ti ~ *tḱi-n-énti (denominative present)^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Italic: *sinō, *pozinō (< *h₂po-)
  - Latin: sinō, pōnō (see there for further descendants)
*tḱéy-m̥(h₁)no-^[8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *ktímenos
  - Ancient Greek: ἐϋκτίμενος (eüktímenos)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀑𐀴𐀕𐀙 (ki-ti-me-na /⁠ktimenā⁠/)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšáyanas
  - Proto-Iranian: *šáyanah
    - Avestan: 𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬀 (šaiiana)
    - → Old Armenian: շէն (šēn) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Classical Syriac: ܫܝܢܐ (šainā)
*tḱéy-tis ~ *tḱi-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšitíš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṭṣitíṣ
    - Sanskrit: क्षिति (kṣití) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *šitíš
    - Avestan: 𐬱𐬌𐬙𐬌 (šiti)
*tḱi-los^[9]
- Proto-Hellenic: *ktilos
  - Ancient Greek: κτῐ́λος (ktĭ́los)
*tḱi-tós
- Proto-Hellenic: *ktitós
  - Ancient Greek: θεόκτιτος (theóktitos), πυρίκτιτος (puríktitos)
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀟𐀪𐀑𐀴𐀲 (pe-ri-ki-ti-ta)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšitás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṭṣitás
    - ⇒? Sanskrit: परिक्षित् (parikṣit)
  - Proto-Iranian: *šitáh
    - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬱𐬌𐬙𐬀 (anašita, “uninhabitable”)
*tḱéy-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšáytram (see there for further descendants)
*tḱóy-mo-s
- Albanian: komb
- >? Ancient Greek: κώμη (kṓmē)
- Proto-Germanic: *haimaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćšáyma-
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṭṣáymas, *ṭṣáymam
    - Sanskrit: क्षेम (kṣema)
      - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀫 (khema)
      - Pali: khema
      - → Hindi: क्षेम (kṣem) (learned)
      - → Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇಮ (kṣēma)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κτίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 791-792
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 15
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑þei̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 626
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tk̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 643-644
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 223
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sinō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 566-567
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pōnō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479
^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 899
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κτίλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 792

[Beekes-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κτίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 791-792

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 15

[3] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̑þei̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 626

[4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*tk̑ei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 643-644

[5] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 223

[6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sinō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 566-567

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pōnō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 479

[8] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 899

[9] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κτίλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 792

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Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Root

See also

Derived terms

References