Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yéwHs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Probably from a root *yewH- (“to mix”), whence also possibly Proto-Celtic *yutos (“porridge”).[1]

Noun

*yéwHs n (oblique stem *yuHs-)[2][3][4]

  1. soup, broth
  2. fermented product; leaven

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *yéwHs
genitive *yuHsés
singular dual plural
nominative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂
vocative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂
accusative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂
genitive *yuHsés *? *yuHsóHom
ablative *yuHsés *? *yuHsmós, *yuHsbʰós
dative *yuHséy *? *yuHsmós, *yuHsbʰós
locative *yéwHs, *yéwHsi *? *yuHsú
instrumental *yuHséh₁ *? *yuHsmís, *yuHsbʰís

Derived terms

  • *yúHs-meh₂[5]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *yuHs-ḗn
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yuHsā́
  • *yowHs-ó-s[4][6][7]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jáušāˀ
      • Proto-Slavic: *jūxà (“soup”) (with unexplained loss of laryngeal) (see there for further descendants)
  • *yuHs-ó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yuHsás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuHsás
        • Sanskrit: यूष (yūṣa, “soup; water in which pulses have been boiled”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *yuHs-to-s[8]

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jūˀšē[4]
    • Lithuanian: jū́šė (“fish soup”)
    • Old Prussian: iuse (“broth”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yúHs
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yúHs
  • Proto-Italic: *jūs[6]
    • Latin: iūs (“soup”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Celtic: *yūskos, *yuskos[9]
    • Middle Irish: úsc, úsca (“lard, fat”)

References

  1. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 139
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 263
  3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yís.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “jūšė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216
  5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζύμη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 503
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “iūs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316
  7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jūxà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208: “f. ā (b) ‘broth, soup’”
  8. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*jū̆sta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 275
  9. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*yūsko-, *yusko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 438
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