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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.
Noun
*Hā́fš f
- water
Inflection
| consonant stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*Hā́fš
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*Hā́pā(w)
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*Hā́pah
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| vocative
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*Háp
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*Hā́pā(w)
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*Hā́pah
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| accusative
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*Hā́pam
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*Hā́pā(w)
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*Hapáh
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| instrumental
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*HapáH
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*Habbʰyā́(m)
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*Habbʰíš
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| ablative
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*Hapáh
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*Habbʰyā́(m)
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*HabbʰyáH
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| dative
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*Hapáy
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*Habbʰyā́(m)
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*HabbʰyáH
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| genitive
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*Hapáh
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*HafHā́h
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*HapáHam
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| locative
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*Hápi
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*HafHáw
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*Hafšú
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬋 (apō, acc.pl.)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 (ap), 𐬁𐬟𐬱 (āfš, nom.sg.)
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Bactrian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫀𐫂 (/āb, āβ/)
- Greek script: αββο (abbo)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾb /āb/)
- Proto-Sogdic: *āp[1]
- Sogdian: (/āp/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫛 (ʾʾp)
- Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼾 (ʾʾp)
- Syriac script: ܐܦ (ʾp)
- Yagnobi: ṓp, ōw
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: آپ (áp)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: av
- Central Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
- Southern Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
- Laki: ئاو (aw)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
- Old Median: *āfš
- Middle Median: *āv
- Kermanic:
- Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Bijagani, Delijani, Meymehi, Nashalji, Qalhari, Qohrudi: ōw
- Abyanehi, Naraqi, Terrehi: ōv
- Badrudi, Chimehi, Farizandi: ou
- Jowshaqani: ū
- Mahallati, Meymehi: ō
- Nayini: āō
- Yarandi: āv
- Yazdi: vō
- Sivandi: au
- Tatic:
- Talysh: آو (âv), او (ov)
- Old Tati:
- Old Azari: آو (āw)
- Alviri-Vidari: او (ov)
- Eshtehardi: اِو (eow)
- Karingani: او (öv)
- Harzani: او (ū)
- Semnani: ō
- Tabari:
- Gilaki: [script needed] (ōv)
- Mazanderani: او (ow)
- Zaza-Gurani:
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Larestani–Gulf:
- Gulf:
- Bashkardi: [script needed] (yāp), [script needed] (yā), [script needed] (ău)
- Bandari: [script needed] (hü)
- Kumzari: آو (āw)
- Larestani: او (ow), هو (how)
- Old Persian: [Term?] (/āpī[š]/, nom.sg.), 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /apiyā/, loc.sg.) (transferred to i-stem)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean: 𐫀𐫁 (ʾb /āb/)
- Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭯 (ʾp /āp/, /āβ/)
- Classical Persian: آب (āb)
- Dari: آب (āb), (dialectal) اَو (aw)
- Hazaragi: اَو (aw)
- Iranian Persian: آب (âb)
- Tajik: об (ob)
- → Ottoman Turkish: آب (āb)
- Lurish:
- Northern Luri: آۏ (aö)
- Bakhtiari: ںۏ (əö)
- Southern Luri: ںۏ (əö)
References
- ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 107