Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kali

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

Verb

*kali

to dig up; to excavate

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Yami: kali
  - Ibatan: kadi
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: káli
  - Northeastern Luzon
    - Dupaningan Agta: kali
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kale
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Kankanaey: kelí
      - Northern Kankanay: kali
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Pangasinan: kalí
      - Keley-I Kallahan: kalih
- Central Luzon
  - Bolinao: kali
  - Abenlen Ayta: kali
  - Mag-Anchi Ayta: kali
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Phillipine
    - Tagalog: kali
    - Visayan
      - Hiligaynon: káli
      - Tausug: kali'
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: kari
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: kali'
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: kali
  - Danao
    - Maranao: kali
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: ali
  - Manobo
    - Ata Manobo: kali
    - Obo Manobo: kali
    - Agusan Manobo: kali
    - Cotabato Manobo: kali
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: káli
  - Palawanic
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: kali
    - Central Palawano: kali
    - Aborlan Tagbanwa: kali
    - Central Tagbanwa: kali
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: kali
- Kalamian
  - Agutaynen: ali
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: ali
- Minahasan
  - Tontemboan: kali
Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Central Sama: kali
  - Southern Sama: kali
  - Mapun: kali
  - Yakan: kali
- East Barito
  - Malagasy: hady
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: koli
  - Bonggi: kali
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Rungus: kali
Northeast Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Karo Batak: kali
  - Toba Batak: hali
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Malayic
  - Iban: kali
  - Malay: gali
    - Indonesian: gali
    - North Moluccan Malay: gale
  - Urak Lawoi': กาลี (kali)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Sasak: kaliq
  - Sumbawa: kali
- Sundanese: kali
South Sulawesi
- Tae': kali
- Duri: kali
Celebic
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: seli
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumba–Flores
  - Western Flores
    - Manggarai: hali
    - Palu'e: kali
  - Sumba–Hawu
    - Dhao: kai
- Flores–Lembata
  - Sika: gali
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - Yamdena: n-kal
  - Fordata: kali
- Timoric
  - Helong: gali
  - Uab Meto: hani
- Aru
  - West Tarangan: kel
- Central Maluku
  - Buru (Indonesia): kalik
Chamorro: hali
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Halmahera–Cenderawasih
  - As: kail
- Proto-Oceanic: *kali, *keli
  - Western Oceanic
    - North New Guinea
      - Bebeli: kel
      - Sengseng: kel
    - Papuan Tip
      - Saliba (New Guinea): keli
  - Central–Eastern Oceanic
    - Southern Oceanic
      - Tiale: eli
      - Amblong: el
    - Central Pacific
      - Proto-Polynesian: *kali, *keli
        Tongic
        Tongan: keli
        
        Niuean: keli
        
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Samoic
        Samoan: eli
        
        Tokelauan: keli
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: ʻeli, ʻali
        
        Mangarevan: keri, kari
        
        North Marquesan: keʻi, kaʻi
        
        Tahitic
        Maori: keri, kari
        
        Rarotongan: keri
        
        Rapa Nui: keri

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kali.

Noun

*kali

canal
ditch

Descendants

Philippine
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: kali
  - Keley-I Kallahan: kalih
- Central Philippine
  - Bikol Central: kali
  - Masbatenyo: kali
East Barito
- Malagasy: hady
Old Javanese: kali
- Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶ (kali)
  - → Betawi: kali
  - → Dutch: kali
  - → Indonesian: kali
  - → Malay: kali

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *kali.