Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kalb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Diakonoff argues that the *-b of the root is likely a fossilized nominal class suffix pertaining to “harmful animals”, comparing Proto-Semitic *ḏiʔb- (“wolf”) as well as *ʕaḳrab- (“scorpion”), *ṯaʕlab- (“fox”), *dubb- (“bear”) and *ʔarnab- (“hare”).[1]

Noun

*kalb- m

  1. dog

Inflection

Declension of *kalb-
case singular dual plural
nominative *kalbum *kalbāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *kalbam *kalbayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *kalbim
possessive forms
1st person *kalbī / *kalbVya — *kalbVni
2nd person m *kalbVka *kalbVkumā / *kalbVkumay *kalbVkum(ū)
2nd person f *kalbVki *kalbVkin(ā)
3rd person m *kalbVšu *kalbVšumā / *kalbVšumay *kalbVšum(ū)
3rd person f *kalbVša *kalbVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kalbuya for nom. case, *kalbiya for gen. case, *kalbaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

References

  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag
  • Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
  1. ^ Diakonoff, Igor M. (1988) Afrasian Languages (Languages of Asia and Africa), Moscow: Nauka, page 57.
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