Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kV-tek

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tyik ⪤ *tyak (LaPolla, 1987); *gtyik (Coblin, 1986); *tyɑk (Chou, 1972); *tek (Miyake, 2014); *-tek (Hill, 2019)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *tyak ⪤ g-t(y)ik (Matisoff, STEDT); *tyɑk ~ tyik (Chou, 1972)

The Naish terms are linked here by Li (2024)[1] and have initial retroflexion; however, the source of the retroflexing element has not been determined.

Numeral

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numbers (edit)
10[a], [b]
1 2  →  10  → [a], [b]
    Cardinal: *kV-tek, *ʔa, *ʔit, *kat

*kV-tek

  1. one

Descendants

  • Chinese: 隻 / 只 (OC /*tek/ (B-S), /*tjaːɡ/ (ZS), “single, one of a pair”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Bodish: *(g)tik (see there for further descendants)
  • rGyalrongic
    • West rGyalrongic
      • Horpa
        • Geshiza: rəu
        • Stau: ro
        • Tangut: 𘈩 (*lew¹, “one, single”)
      • Khroskyabs: ræ̂ɣ (Siyuewu), rɑ̂ɣ (Wobzi)
    • East rGyalrongic
      • Japhug: tɯɣ
      • Situ: kərik (Bragbar), kətek (Cogtse)
  • Naic:
    • Namuyi: tī
    • Proto-Naish: *di
      • Naxi: ddee (/⁠ɖɯ³³⁠/), ddeeq (/⁠ɖɯ²¹⁠/)
      • Narua: ddee (/⁠ɖɯ˩˥⁠/)
  • Lolo-Burmese: *ʔ-dikᴸ (“one, only”) (Matisoff, 2003)
    • Burmish
    • Proto-Loloish: *t/di² (“one”) (Bradley, 1979)
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꋍ (cyp, “one”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Southern): ꓕꓲꓽ (tʰì, “one”)
  • Pyu (Myanmar): takṃ

References

  1. ^ Li, Zihe (2025) “Probing the Evolution History of Naish Languages with Reference to Tibetan, Burmese and Rgyalrong: The Open-Syllable Rhymes”, in Journal of Chinese Linguistics, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 56-97

See also

  • *dan ~ daj (“single, one, whole, only”)
  • *ʔit (“one”)
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