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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt, Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (wa-ra-a-ni, “to burn”),[1] Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel).
Verb
*varìti impf[1][2][3]
- to boil, cook
Conjugation
Accent paradigm c (b?).
Conjugation of
*variti, *vari, *varitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
*vařenьje
|
*variti
|
*varitъ
|
*varilъ
|
|
Participles
|
Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
Passive
|
*vařenъ
|
*varimъ
|
Active
|
*vařь
|
*varę
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Singular
|
*varixъ |
*vari |
*vari
|
*vařǫ |
*variši |
*varitь
|
Dual
|
*varixově |
*varista |
*variste
|
*varivě |
*varita |
*varite
|
Plural
|
*varixomъ |
*variste |
*varišę
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
*varętь
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
Singular
|
*vařaaxъ |
*vařaaše |
*vařaaše
|
— |
*vari |
*vari
|
Dual
|
*vařaaxově |
*vařaašeta |
*vařaašete
|
*varivě |
*varita |
—
|
Plural
|
*vařaaxomъ |
*vařaašete |
*vařaaxǫ
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of
*variti, *vari, *varitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
*vařenьje
|
*variti
|
*varitъ
|
*varilъ
|
|
Participles
|
Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
Passive
|
*vařenъ
|
*varimъ
|
Active
|
*vařь
|
*varę
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Singular
|
*varixъ |
*vari |
*vari
|
*vařǫ |
*variši |
*varitь
|
Dual
|
*varixově |
*varista |
*variste
|
*varivě |
*varita |
*varite
|
Plural
|
*varixomъ |
*variste |
*varišę
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
*varętь
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
Singular
|
*vařaaxъ |
*vařaaše |
*vařaaše
|
— |
*vari |
*vari
|
Dual
|
*vařaaxově |
*vařaašeta |
*vařaašete
|
*varivě |
*varita |
—
|
Plural
|
*vařaaxomъ |
*vařaašete |
*vařaaxǫ
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti)
- Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)
- Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)
- Carpathian Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)
- Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: варити (variti)
- Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)
- Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)
- Macedonian: вари (vari)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ва́рити
- Latin script: váriti
- Slovene: váriti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vařiti
- Old Polish: warzyć
- Old Slovak: variť
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: warić
- Lower Sorbian: wariś
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “варить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 134
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “варя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 122
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*variti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512: “(c (b?)) ‘boil, cook’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “1variti: varjǫ varitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c koge (PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “variti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vari̋ti”
Etymology 2
Perhaps[1] from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).
Verb
*variti impf[2]
- to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead
- to accomplish, complete in time
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*variti, *vari, *varitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
*vařenьje
|
*variti
|
*varitъ
|
*varilъ
|
|
Participles
|
Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
Passive
|
*vařenъ
|
*varimъ
|
Active
|
*vařь
|
*varę
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Singular
|
*varixъ |
*vari |
*vari
|
*vařǫ |
*variši |
*varitь
|
Dual
|
*varixově |
*varista |
*variste
|
*varivě |
*varita |
*varite
|
Plural
|
*varixomъ |
*variste |
*varišę
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
*varętь
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
Singular
|
*vařaaxъ |
*vařaaše |
*vařaaše
|
— |
*vari |
*vari
|
Dual
|
*vařaaxově |
*vařaašeta |
*vařaašete
|
*varivě |
*varita |
—
|
Plural
|
*vařaaxomъ |
*vařaašete |
*vařaaxǫ
|
*varimъ |
*varite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*varivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Derived terms
- *varъkъ (“fast, rushing”)
- *varъkostь (“rushing, hurrying”)
- *pervara (“competition”)
- *provoriti (“to multitask”)
- *provorьnъ (“brisk, expeditious”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)
- Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)
- Macedonian: -вари (-vari)
- Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: vařiti (dialectal)
Further reading
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “варя се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 121
- “varýti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ K. Borisov, A. Shaposhnikov (2018) “Русско-санскритские этимологические этюды”, in Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, No. 18[2], pages 33-72: “Русск. варити, варяти ~ санскр. várati, vāráyati”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “2variti: varjǫ varitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[3], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gå imøde (PR 139)”