Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hauʀijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną.

Verb

*hauʀijan^[1]

to hear
to listen

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*hauʀijan
1st sg. past	*hauʀidā
Infinitive	*hauʀijan
Genitive infin.	*hauʀijannjas
Dative infin.	*hauʀijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*hauʀijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*hauʀiju	*hauʀidā
2nd singular	*hauʀisi	hauʀidēs, hauʀidōs
3rd singular	*hauʀiþi	hauʀidē, hauʀidā
1st plural	*hauʀijum	*hauʀidum
2nd plural	*hauʀiþ	*hauʀidud
3rd plural	*hauʀijanþ	*hauʀidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*hauʀijē	*hauʀidī
2nd singular	*hauʀijēs	*hauʀidī
3rd singular	*hauʀijē	*hauʀidī
1st plural	*hauʀijēm	*hauʀidīm
2nd plural	*hauʀijēþ	*hauʀidīd
3rd plural	*hauʀijēn	*hauʀidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*hauʀi
Plural	*hauʀiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*hauʀijandī	*hauʀid

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: hīeran, hīran — Early West Saxon, hȳran — Late West Saxon, hēran — Anglian, Kentish
- Middle English: heren
  - English: hear
  - Scots: her, hear
  - Yola: hert (preterite)
Old Frisian: hēra, heera
- Saterland Frisian: here
- West Frisian: hearre
Old Saxon: hōrian
- Middle Low German: hōren
  - Low German: hören, heuren, höörn
  - Plautdietsch: hieren
Old Dutch: *hōren
- Middle Dutch: hôren
  - Dutch: horen
    - Afrikaans: hoor
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: horo
    - Jersey Dutch: hôre
    - Negerhollands: hoor
      - → Virgin Islands Creole: hoor (dated)
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: hoar
  - Limburgish: huuere, heure
Old High German: hōren
- Middle High German: hœren
  - Bavarian: hearn
  - Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn (Luserna)
  - Central Franconian: hüre, hiere (Moselle Franconian)
    Hunsrik: heere
    Luxembourgish: héieren
  - German: hören
  - Vilamovian: hüchia
  - Yiddish: הערן (hern)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 83: “PWGmc *hauzijan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 83: “PWGmc *hauzijan”

[1]