Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tredan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *trudaną.

Verb

*tredan^[1]

to tread

Inflection

Strong class 5
Infinitive	*tredan
1st sg. past	*trad
3rd pl. past	*trādun
Past ptcple	*tredan
Infinitive	*tredan
Genitive infin.	*tredannjas
Dative infin.	*tredannjē
Instrum. infin.	*tredannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*tredu	*trad
2nd singular	*tridiʀi	*trādī
3rd singular	*trididi	*trad
1st plural	*tredum	*trādum
2nd plural	*tridid	*trādud
3rd plural	*tredand	*trādun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*tredē	*trādī
2nd singular	*tredēs	*trādī
3rd singular	*tredē	*trādī
1st plural	*tredēm	*trādīm
2nd plural	*tredēþ	*trādīd
3rd plural	*tredēn	*trādīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*trid
Plural	*tridid
	Present	Past
Participle	*tredandī	*tredan

Derived terms

*fratredan

Descendants

Old English: tredan
- Middle English: treden
  - Scots: trad, tred
  - English: tread
Old Frisian: treda
- Saterland Frisian: treede
- West Frisian: trêdzje
Old Saxon: *tredan
- Middle Low German: trēden
  - Low German: treden
  - → Swedish: träda
  - → Danish: træde
  - → Faroese: træða, treða
Old Dutch: tredan
- Middle Dutch: trēden
  - Dutch: treden
    - Afrikaans: tree
  - Limburgish: traeje
Old High German: trëtan
- Middle High German: trëten
  - Central Franconian: tredde, träde, treade
    - Bavarian: tretn
    - Hunsrik: trede
    - Luxembourgish: trieden
  - German: treten
    - ⇒ German: Trotte
→ Medieval Latin: trottō, trotō
- Old French: trotter, troter
  - French: trotter
  - → English: trot
- Italian: trottare
- Spanish: trotar
- Portuguese: trotar
- Occitan: trotar

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 78: “PWGmc *tredan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 78: “PWGmc *tredan”

[1]