alus

alus

1. plural of alu

• Auls, Luas, Saul, ULAS, ULAs, auls, saul

Cognate to Malay halus (“fine, soft, small”)

alus (Balinese script ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄)

1. fine, soft, small
2. cultured, refined, elegant, graceful
3. (grammar) alus (the highest register in Balinese)

From ala- +‎ -us.

alus (genitive aluse, partitive alust)

1. base, bottom (something on which an object stands or is attached to)

   Samba alus on graniidist. ― The base of the statue is made of granite.

2. foundation, base, fundamental (in an abstract sense)

   Programmeerimise alused. ― Fundamentals of programming.

3. watercraft, vessel
4. (grammar) subject
5. (chemistry) base

   Tugevaid aluseid nimetatakse leelisteks. ― Strong bases are called alkali.

Declension of alus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		alus	alused
accusative	nom.
	gen.	aluse
genitive			aluste
partitive		alust	aluseid
illative		alusesse	alustesse aluseisse
inessive		aluses	alustes aluseis
elative		alusest	alustest aluseist
allative		alusele	alustele aluseile
adessive		alusel	alustel aluseil
ablative		aluselt	alustelt aluseilt
translative		aluseks	alusteks aluseiks
terminative		aluseni	alusteni
essive		alusena	alustena
abessive		aluseta	alusteta
comitative		alusega	alustega

From Proto-Finnic *alus. Equivalent to ala- (“under”) +‎ -us.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑ̝lus̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑlus
• Syllabification^(key): a‧lus
• Hyphenation^(key): alus

alus

2. (in compounds) underlay, base, under- (anything underlaid)

   Synonyms: alunen, alusta, (dialectal) alu-

   Antonyms: päällys, (dialectal) pääly-

   aluskerros ― underlayer

   alushousut ― underpants

   aluspatja ― bed base (literally, “undermattress”)

3. the space under(neath) something
4. vessel, craft, ship (vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)

   Synonym: laiva (“ship”)

5. the time before a holiday, the period leading up to a holiday, etc.
6. (grammar, dated) subject

   Synonyms: subjekti, tekijä

• “alus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

• lasu, lusa, sula

From ala- (“under-”) +‎ -us. Akin to Finnish alus and Estonian alus.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuz̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑlus
• Hyphenation: a‧lus

alus

1. vessel, ship
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:

     Ennen meil oli paljo alusmeehiä. Ken oli rikas - katsot, i alus oli.

     Before, we had a lot of sailors. Whoever was rich - you take one look, and [he has] a ship.

2. lining (of a garment)
3. bedding (base on which one sleeps)

Declension of alus (type 2/petos, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	alus	alukset
genitive	aluksen	aluksiin
partitive	alusta, alust	aluksia
illative	aluksee	aluksii
inessive	aluksees	aluksiis
elative	aluksest	aluksist
allative	alukselle	aluksille
adessive	alukseel	aluksiil
ablative	alukselt	aluksilt
translative	alukseks	aluksiks
essive	aluksenna, alukseen	aluksinna, aluksiin
exessive1)	aluksent	aluksint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• (ship): laiva, soimi
• (bedding): tila, (obsolete) voovve

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlusːɑ/, [ˈɑɫus̠ː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑluːs/, [ˈɑɫːuːʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑlusː, -ɑlus
• Hyphenation: a‧lus

alus

1. inessive singular of alku

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 14
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 20

alus

1. romanization of ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀

• halus: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἅλος (Hálos)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄλος (Álos) (Halos is a town in Phthiotis in Thessaly)

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.lus]

ālus f (genitive ālī); second declension

1. garlic
2. species of comfrey plant

Second-declension noun.

• (garlic, species of comfrey plant): ālum

• alus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “alus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [alus]

• Audio:

  (file)

alus m (3rd declension)

1. beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)

   gaišais alus ― lager (literally, “light beer”)

   tumšais alus ― dark beer

   mājas alus ― home beer

   amatnieku alus ― craft beer

   medalus ― honey beer

   alus muca ― beer barrel, keg

   alus kauss ― beer mug

   alus darītava ― brewery (literally, “beer making place”)

   alus rūpniecība ― beer industry

   darīt, vārīt alu ― to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer

   Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna

   in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

• alus darītava

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.^[1]

Cognate with Latvian alus (“beer”), Old Prussian alu (“beer”), and Proto-Slavic *ȍlъ (“beer”).^[1][2][3]

• IPA^(key): [ɐˈlʊs]

alùs m (plural ãlūs) stress pattern 4

1. beer

• “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
• “alus”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025

Affixed lus (“smoothness, softness; finesse; gentleness, subtleness”) +‎ a-.

• IPA^(key): /a.lʊs/
• Rhymes: -lʊs
• Hyphenation: a‧lus

alus

1. fine, soft
2. refined, gentle
3. subtle
4. nonviolent

• > Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus) (inherited)

• "alus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.lus]

alus

1. (stative) to be smooth
2. (stative) to be polite
3. (stative) to be refined (culturally)

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh