angen

See also: angèn and ängen

Balinese

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese aṅĕn (“thoughts, considerations, reflections”)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.ŋən/

Noun

angen (Balinese script ᬳᬗᭂᬦ᭄)

  1. heart

Derived terms

  • angenan
  • angenang
  • kaangen
  • kangen
  • maangen-angen
  • mangen-angen
  • mapaangenan
  • mapangenan
  • ngangen
  • pangenan
  • pariangen

Further reading

  • “angen” in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia], Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Javanese

Romanization

angen

  1. romanization of ꦲꦔꦼꦤ꧀

Mokilese

Noun

angen

  1. construct state of ang

Sundanese

Sundanese register set
lemes manah, galih, kalbu
lemes ka sorangan {{{les}}}
lemes ka batur {{{leb}}}
loma angen, haté, ati
cohag pucus

Etymology

From Old Sundanese aṅĕn, aṅṅĕn. Cognate with Old Javanese aṅĕn (“thoughts, consideration, reflections”)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.ŋən/

Noun

angen (Sundanese script ᮃᮍᮨᮔ᮪)

  1. (anatomy) liver
  2. (figurative) heart (mind, feeling)

See also

Further reading

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh aghen, from Proto-Brythonic *anken (compare Cornish and Breton anken, from Proto-Celtic *ankenā (cognate with Old Irish éicen (“force; necessity”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach, attain”) cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force; necessity”).[1]

An alternative theory derives the Celtic from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”); this derivation is semantically bold.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

angen m (usually uncountable, plural anghenion)

  1. need, necessity, requirement
    • 1803, William Owen Pughe, "A Dictionary of the Welsh Language", Volume 1
      Perid i Zyvrig arçeſgob wynieuthu Arthur yn vrenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oez yn eu cymhell.
      Perid i Ddyfrig archesgob wynieuthu Arthur yn frenin, a dodi coron am ei ben; canys eu hangen oedd yn eu cymhell. (modernized spelling)
      Dyfrig the archbishop was commanded to consecrate Arthur as king, and to place the crown upon his head; for their necessity was pressing upon them.
  2. (functioning as verbal noun) (a person etc.) in need of; as a predicate of bod, can be translated with the verb “to need”
    Bydd Gareth angen calon newydd.
    Gareth will need a new heart.
    (literally, “Gareth will be a person in need of a new heart.”)

Usage notes

Because angen is a noun, it does not use yn with bod and has no stem, meaning it must be used periphrastically.

Derived terms

  • anghenion arbennig (“special needs”)
  • anghenraid (“necessity”)
  • anghenus (“needy”)
  • diangen (“unnecessary”)
  • yn ôl yr angen (“as and when necessary”)

See also

Mutation

Mutated forms of angen
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
angen unchanged unchanged hangen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 99 vi (1)
  2. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “angen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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