arrufar

Catalan

Alternative forms

  • arrufir

Etymology

Uncertain.

Pronunciation

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufí, past participle arrufat)

  1. (transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
  2. (pronominal) to stand on end, to bristle

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aruˈfaɾ/ [a.ruˈfaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Hyphenation: a‧rru‧far

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

  1. to incite; to embolden
  2. (pronominal) to get cocky

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “rufián”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Old Spanish

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. First attested circa 1250. Compare with Galician and Portuguese arrufar.

Verb

arrufar

  1. (reflexive) to become vain or conceited
    • c. 1250, Bocados de oro, Spain:
      Quando tú andudieres en pro del reinado, más que otro tu igual, non te arrufes en tener que lo fazes mejor que él, ca menos valerá por ello.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Portuguese

Etymology

Uncertain. Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.huˈfa(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɾ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɾ)]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ʁ)/ [a.χuˈfa(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.ʁuˈfa(ɻ)/ [a.huˈfa(ɻ)]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.ʁuˈfa.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: ar‧ru‧far

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)

  1. (transitive, reflexive) to anger (to become or cause someone to become angry)
    Synonyms: enraivecer, irritar, zangar, enervar
    Antonym: acalmar

Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish arrufar, of uncertain origin. Compare with Galician and Portuguese arrufar. First attested c. 1250 in the sense "to become conceited."

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aruˈfaɾ/ [a.ruˈfaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: a‧rru‧far

Verb

arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufé, past participle arrufado)

  1. (transitive) to incite; to provoke
  2. (ambitransitive) to build a sheer (curve of deck) in a ship
  3. (obsolete, pronominal, intransitive) to become vain or conceited
  4. (obsolete, pronominal, intransitive) to snarl; to growl

Conjugation

Further reading